THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


GIFT  OF 


PROF.   ROLAND  D.   HUSSEY 


THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES 


OF 


WHITE  RIBBON  WOMEN 


OFFICIAL. 


EDITED   BY 

CLARA   C.  CHAPIN 

Editor  of  Books  and  Leaflets  for  the  Woman's  Temperance  Publishing  Association. 


WOMAN'S  TEMPERANCE  PUBLISHING  ASSOCIATION, 

THE  TEMPLE,  CHICAGO. 

1895. 


COPYRIGHTED,  1895, 

BY 
WOMAN'S  TEMPERANCE  PUBLISHING  ASSOCIATION. 


SHUT 


INTRODUCTION. 


To  White- Ribboners  Round  the  World  : 

THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES  will  always  be  associated  in  the  minds  of 
W.  C.  T.  U.  women  with  the  beloved  name  of  Julia  A.  Ames,  under 
whose  able  superintendency  the  first  edition  was  issued  in  1891,  only  a 
few  weeks  before  her  promotion  to  heavenly  service.  It  is  therefore  with 
a  feeling  almost  of  intrusion  that  the  present  editor,  even  at  the  earnest 
request  of  those  who  knew  Miss  Ames  best  and  loved  her  most,  under- 
takes the  task  of  bringing  out  this  new  and  enlarged  edition,  giving  to 
the  book  the  more  comprehensive  character  demanded  by  the  increasing 
forces  and  widening  influence  of  our  organization. 

Its  purpose  is  not  so  much  to  emblazon  the  name  and  the  fame  of 
the  persons  herein  "sketched" — though  incidentally  it  cannot  fail  to 
do  that — but  rather  to  serve  our  workers  everywhere  by  making  them 
be'.ter  acquainted  with  the  personality  of  their  leaders  while  those  lead- 
ers still  remain  with  us.  We  hope  it  may  assist  local  unions  in  ad- 
vertising speakers  and  perhaps  induce  Press  superintendents  to  print 
from  time  to  time  some  of  these  brief  sketches  of  representative  white- 
ribboners. 

We  regret  that  the  book  does  not  include  biographies  of  more  leaders  in 
"other  lands  than  ours,"  but  our  friends  will  understand  that  the  lim- 
ited time  given  for  its  compilation  is  the  reason  for  the  omission  and 
that  we  hope  to  remedy  this  defect  and  perhaps  many  others  in  a  later 
edition. 

It  may  truly  be  said  that  the  sins  both  of  omission  and  of  commis- 
sion which  may  attach  to  the  work  are  the  result  not  of  want  of  will, 
but  rather,  want  of  skill  ;  that  its  faults  must  be  ascribed  not  to  the 
lack  of  earnest  endeavor  but  rather  to  the  lack  of  infallibility  on  the 
part  of  the  editor  and  of  those  who  by  their  contributions  and  their 
counsel  have  so  kindly  aided  her  in  this  undertaking.  With  the  hope, 
therefore,  that  its  faults  will  all  be  forgiven  and  forgotten  we  send  the 

little  book  on  its  mission. 

Yours  in  the  tie  that  binds, 

THE  EDITOR. 


Boston,  Mass.,  U.  S.  A. 
In  this  Historic  Hall  the  f.n>t  World's  W.  C.  T.   U.  Convention  was  held  in  1891. 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

Ackerman,  Jessie  A 6 

Allen,  Dr.  Mary  Wood  ....  54 

Ames,  Julia  A 99 

Andrew,  Elizabeth  Wheeler    .  7 

Archibald,  Edith  J 80 

Aukland,  Mrs 73 

Babcock,  Mary  A 43 

Bailey,  Hannah  J 14 

Bain,  Anna 117 

Bailhache,  Mrs 75 

Balgarnie,   Florence 76 

Barber,  Miss 82 

Barker,  Helen  M 24 

Barnes,  Frances  J 9 

Barney,  J.  K 13 

Bateman,  Josephine  C 54 

Baxter,  Marion  B no 

Beauchamp,  Frances  E.  .   .   .    23 

Beck,  M.  L.  A 34 

Benedict,  Lavinia  B 115 

Benjamin,  A.  S 37 

Bigelow,  Calista  E 71 

Bittenbender,  Ada  M in 

Blackie,  Mrs 77 

bia:hly,  B.  B 91 

Blackwell,  Alice  S 116 

Blair,  Ellen  A 58 

Boden,  Mrs.  Shuttleworth    .    .    18 

Bolton,  Sarah  K 96 

Boole,  Ella  A 62 

Bordon,  Mary  J 40 

Bourne,  Emma 40 

Brady,  Mrs.  John  G.  .    .    .    .    .    26 

Bridgeman,  Laura 89 

Briggs,  Alice 119 

Brown,  Mattie  McClellan  .   .   .    61 


Brown,  Wilhelmina 46 

Buell,  Caroline  B 106 

Bull,  Sara 117 

Bullock,  Helen  L 56 

Burt,  Mary  T 40 

Bushnell,  Dr.  Kate 8 

Butler,  Josephine 16 

Button,  Mary  P.  J 27 

Calkins,  Etnor  L 62 

Campbell,  Vie  H 46 

Campbell,  Theresa 87 

Carhart,  Lizzie  D 113 

Carse,  Matilda  B 71 

Carter,  Carrie  Lee 60 

Cartland,  Mary  E 28 

Casseday,  Jennie too 

Chapin,  Sallie  F 28 

Chapin,  Clara  C 69 

Chant,  Mrs.  Ormiston 75 

Cheney,  M.  E 117 

Chunn,  Fannie  L 27 

Clothier,  Ida 59 

Cox,  Delle  H 45 

Crafts,  Mrs.  Wilbur  F 115 

Cranmer,  Emma  A 30 

De  Broen,  Miss 87 

Demorest,  Madam in 

Denny,  Ellen  K 61 

Dickinson,  Mary  Lowe     .   .   .  109 

Downey,  Anna 67 

Downs,  Sarah  J.  C 99 

Dougall,  Miss 82 

Dunham,  Marion  H 34 

Early,  Sarah  J 119 

Edholm,  Charlton 15 


(v) 


VI 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

Ellis.  M.  B 56 

Emery,  S.  E.  V 50 

English,  Winnie  F 53 

Ensign,  Frances  TT.    .    .    .     .    .  60 

Evans,  Emma  L 47 

Farnham,  Mary  J 84 

Fernie,  Mary 88 

Fessenden,  Susan  M 37 

Field,  Addie  Northam    ....  63 

Fifield,  Dr.  ElliJ 46 

Fockler,  Irene 119 

Forbes,  Cornelia  B 30 

Fry,  Susanna  M.  D 37 

Gilbert,  Ruby  1 70 

Gleason,  M.  Ella 62 

Goodale,  Mary  Read 36 

Gordon,  Anna  A .  6 

Gordon,  Elisabeth  P 67 

Gordon,  Maria  H 113 

Gorham.  Mary 74 

Gray,  Charlotte  C 66 

Gray,  Mary  F 88 

Greene,  Maude  L 58 

Greenwood,  Elizabeth  W.   .    .  n 

Griffith,  Mary  E 31 

Griffin,  Frances  E 57 

Grow,  Caroline  F 69 

Grubb,  Sophia  F 47 

Gulick,  Alice  Gordon     ....  28 

Gurney,  Catherine 17 

Hammer,  Anna  M 42 

Harford,  Helen  B 113 

Harper,  F.  E.  W 60 

Harris,  Alice  J 108 

Haslup,   Mary 36 

Haughton,  Elizabeth  M.    .    .    .    66 

Hauser,  Jeannette  G 109 

Henry,  S.  M.  1 64 

Hibben,  EJ 118 


PAGE 

Hicks,    Atnie 7 

Higgins,  Eva  J 29 

Hill,  E.  A 32 

Hilles,  Margaret  H 31 

Hobbs,  M.  M 71 

Hoffman,  Clara  C 23 

Holdsworth,   Annie  E 76 

Hood,  Helen  L 74 

Horning,  Minnie  B 25 

Howell,  Mary  Seymour   .    .    .  112 

Housh,  Esther  T 114 

Hunt,  Mary  H 10 

Hunt,  Gertrude 74 

Ingalls,  E.  B 50 

Ingham,  Mary 95 

Irvine,  Stella  B 49 

James,  Anna 89 

Jones,  R.  H 44 

Jones,  Mary  H 112 

Johnson,  Sara 72 

Kearney,  Belle 59 

Kells,  Harriet  B 106 

Kellogg,  Ella  Eaton 116 

Kenyon,  E.  A 61 

King,  Georgia  Swift 32 

Kinney,  Narcissa  White  ...    42 

Kinney,  Jane  A 51 

Kimball,  Lucia  E.  F 15 

Kline,  Matilda  E 71 

La  Fetra,  Sarah  D 115 

Lathbury,  Mary  A 108 

Lathrap,  Mary   T 103 

Law  E.  Norinue 58 

Leavitt,  Mary  Clement  ....      I 

Leavitt,    Abbie   F 93 

Lees,  Miss 77 

Leiter,  Franc esW 49 

Livermore,  Mary  A 107 


INDEX. 


Love,  Mary  M 112 

Lovell,  Mary  F 54 

Ldcas,  Margaret  B 98 

Martin,  G.  W 44 

Martin,  Etnilie  D 55 

McClees,  S.  A 53 

McLaren,  Eva 19 

McLaughlin,  Emily 63 

Melville,  Ada  M 69 

Meriwether,  Lide 43 

Merrick,  Caroline  E in 

Merrill,  Margaret  D.  W.   .    .    .  52 

Middleton,  Elizabeth 80 

Millar,  Mrs 77 

MiUer,  Emily  Huntingdon  .    .  94 

Mitchell,  Rebecca 33 

Monroe,  Henrietta  L 41 

Moore,      Henrietta  G 108 

Moore,  Mary 51 

Morgan,  Gwenllian 18 

Morrison.  S.  A 52 

Morrow,  N.  R.  C. 45 

Mount,  Lavinia  S 38 

Murray,  Mrs.  James 89 

Nichols,  Josephine  R 13 

Nichols,  Elizabeth  Webb  ...  90 

Oberholtzer,  S.  L 18 

O'Connell,  M.  J 28 

Osborn.  Mrs 76 

Palmer,  Alice  R 8 

Palmer,  Anna  M 64 

Parker,  Margaret 95 

Parrish,  Clara  ...    ...    .    .  60 

Peet,  Sturtevant 27 

Perkins,  Sarah  M. 114 

Phelps,  Lilian 82 

Philips,  Miss 75 

Philipps,  Mrs.  Wynford.   ...  76 


PAGE 

Phillips,  Mary  R 85 

Plumb,  L.  H 117 

Poole,  Mrs.  Ward 76 

Preston,  Elizabeth 30 

Pritchard.  Esther  T 19 

Pugh,  Esther 106 

Purington,  Dr.  Louise  C.  .    .    .    36 

Ramabai 86 

Ratcliff,  Eva '  .  34 

Read,  Ida  H 44 

Reed,  Lodie  E 50 

Reese,  Mary  Bynon 57 

Rhoades,  Linda  1 14 

Rice,  Helen  G 47 

Rounds,  Louise  S 33 

Russell  Mrs.  Bertrand.    ....  74 

Rutherford,  Mrs.  A.  O.  .       .    .  79 

Ruttan,  Mrs.  P.  E 81 

Sanderson,  Mary  E 81 

Sanford,  Amelia   . 116 

Sakurai,  Madam 84 

Scott,  Miss  .  .    . 83 

Shaffner,  Ruth 85 

Shapleigh,  Abbie  E 49 

Shaw,  Rev.  Anna 109 

Shaw,  Dr.  Annette 48 

Shuman,  Rebecca  Catherine.   .  118 

Sibley,  W.  C 32 

Skelton,  Henrietta 59 

Slack,  Mrs.  Bamford 75 

Smith,  Hannah  Whitall ....    12 

Smith,  Lurenda  B 35 

Smith,  Cassie 66 

Snell,  Mollie  McGee  ....        65 
Somerset,  Lady  Henry  ....      4 

Spencer,  Martha  L 26 

Spofford,  C.    ........    81 

Sprigg,  Mrs.  Howard 89 

Stapler,  Jane 104 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

Stevens,  L.  M.  N 20 

Stevens,  Emily  Pitt 58 

Stevenson,  Katharine  L.  .   .    .  21 

Stewart,  Eliza  D 92 

Stewart,  Jennie  F 68 

St.  John,  Eugenia  W.  .    .   .    .114 

Stoddard,  Helen  M 43 

Sudduth,  Margaret 68 

Suddufh,  Alice 55 

Switzer,  Marinda  H 41 

Thompson,  Elizabeth  J.     ...  92 

Thornley,  May  R 80 

Thurman,  Lucy 48 

Tilley,  Miss 79 

Tilton,  Mrs 80 

Tobey,  Elizabeth  S 67 

Todd,  Harriet  T 79 

Tomlinson,  Mary  D 55 

Townsley,  Frances  E 66 

Trego,  R.  J 65 

Tyng,  Lucie  B 118 

Unruh,  Ada  W 63 

Upham,  MaryC 53 


Van  Deventer,  Lucy  M. 


39 


PAGE 

Walker,  S.  M 39 

Walker,  Harriet  D 65 

Wallace,  Zerelda 107 

Washington,  Lucy  H 57 

Watrous,  Kate  Hill 26 

Watts,  Margaret  A 35 

Weaver,  Mary  J 65 

Wedel-Jarlsburg,   Countess  .   .    90 

Wendell,  C.  R 39 

West,  Mary  Allen 101 

Weston,  Agnes 17 

Wheeler,   Mary  Spark es  ...    64 

Whitney,  Mary  S 83 

Willard,  Frances  E 2 

Willard,  Madam 100 

Willard,  Mary  B 96 

Willard,  Mrs.  Rossiter  ....    77 

Williams,  Ella  F.  M 104 

Willing,  Jennie  F 94 

Winslow,  Margaret  ,       ....    96 

Wittenmyer,  Annie 93 

Wood,  Lillian 62 

Woodbridge,  Mary  A 102 

Woodward,  Caroline  M.    ...    52 

Wylie,  Mary  A 38 

Yates,  Elizabeth  U no 

Youmans,  Letitia 78 


COUNTRIES. 


1.  Australasia  ........    90 

2.  Canada  .........    78 


9.    Japan 84 

10.     Mexico 91 


3.  Cape  Colony  .......    87       n.     Natal  ..........    88 

4.  China  ..........    84      12.     Norway  .........    90 


5.  France 87 

6.  Great  Britain 73 

7.  Hawaiian  Islands 83 

8.  India 85 


13.  Spain 88 

14.  South  African  Republic .  .    88 

15.  United  States 20 


MARY  CLKMKNT  I,RAVITT. 


World's 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union. 

Organized  j88j. 
GtNERAL  OFFICERS. 


MARY  CLEMENT  LEAVITT. 
Honorary  President. 

Mrs.  Mary  Clement  Leavitt  is  of  New  England  ancestry  and  culture. 
She  conducted  a  private  school  in  Boston  for  years,  until  her  children 
were  grown  up.  In  1883,  having  been  President  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U. 
of  Boston,  and  a  National  Organizer  of  the  society,  she  accepted  from 
Miss  Willard,  as  President,  a  roving  commission  as  a  pioneer  for  the 
World's  W.  C.  T.  U.,  which  was  projected  in  that  year.  After  a  thorough 
canvass  of  the  Pacific  coast,  Mrs.  Leavitt  sailed  for  the  Sandwich 
Islands,  going  without  money  or  price,  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  being 
at  that  time  unable  to  furnish  financial  help.  Through  the  efforts  of 
white-ribboners  and  Christian  people  in  Honolulu,  enough  was  collected 
to  send  Mrs.  Leavitt  on  her  way  rejoicing  to  Australia.  In  1884  the 
local  unions  raised  $2,612  for  Mrs.  Leavitt,  of  which  she  declined  to 
receive  anything  except  in  emergencies,  $1,670  having  been  the  amount 
forwarded  to  her  by  the  National  Treasurer.  She  worked  in  Australia 
for  a  year  or  two,  then  visited  Japan,  China,  and  India,  going  thence 
to  Ceylon  and  Madagascar.  In  the  last  named  island  she  was  received 
handsomely  by  the  Queen,  who  gave  one  hundred  dollars  to  help  her 
on  her  mission.  Thence  Mrs.  Leavitt  sailed  for  South  Africa  ;  thence  to 
England,  and  after  speaking  in  all  its  leading  towns  and  cities  visited 
Scandinavia,  Germany,  France,  Italy,  Greece,  Egypt  and  the  Holy 
Land.  She  also  made  a  voyage  up  the  Congo  to  see  for  herself  the 
effects  of  the  rum  curse  there,  introduced  by  so-called  Christian  nations, 
and  reported  it  in  that  interesting  pamphlet,  "The  Liquor  Traffic 
in  Western  Africa."  During  her  entire  trip  she  was  entertained  by 
Christian  people  and  her  expenses  were  on  an  average  of  but  one  thou- 
sand dollars  a  year. 


2  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 

This  first  mission  of  Mrs.  Leavitt  to  foreign  lands  extended  into 
forty-three  different  countries.  In  the  eight  years  she  traveled  100,000 
miles,  crossed  the  equator  eight  times,  held  over  1,600  meetings,  involv- 
ing the  services  of  229  different  interpreters  in  forty-seven  languages ; 
formed  130  temperance  societies  (most  of  them  W.  C.  T.  Unions)  and 
twenty-three  branches  of  the  White  Cross  movement.  She  returned  to 
America  for  the  Boston  Convention  and  started  upon  her  second  trip 
in  1892  through  South  and  Central  America,  Mexico  and  the  Bermuda 
Islands.  Mrs.  Leavitt  was  for  years  Corresponding  Secretary  of  the 
World's  W.  C.  T.  U.  and  chief  correspondent  of  The  Union  Signal  in 
foreign  countries.  She  is  the  incarnation  of  self-respect,  and  of  good- 
will toward  all  whom  she  meets  and  receives  therefore  universal  respect 
and  good-will  wherever  she  goes. 


FRANCES  E.  WILLARD. 
President. 

No  woman  of  the  age  is  more  widely  known  or  more  generally  be- 
loved than  Miss  Frances  E.  Willard,  founder  and  President  of  the 
World's  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union,  and  President  of  the 
National  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  the  United  States.  All  the  world  knows  of  her 
and  of  her  works.  She  it  is  who  more  than  any  other  has  helped  to 
bring  about  what  she  herself  has  designated  the  great  discovery  of  the 
century,  viz.,  the  discovery  of  woman  by  woman.  The  great  organiza- 
tion which  belts  the  globe  with  its  symbolic  bands  of  white  has  been  a 
mighty  factor  in  the  evolution  of  the  "awakened  woman,"  and  that 
organization  owes  its  power  and  prestige  largely  to  the  tireless  brain, 
the  loving  heart,  the  clear  and  vigilant  eye  of  Frances  Willaid. 

Our  Chieftain — as  her  American  comrades  love  to  call  her — was  born 
at  Churchville,  near  Roches' er,  New  York,  September  28,  1839,  the 
daughter  of  Hon.  Josiah  F.  and  Mary  Thompson  Hill  Willard,  both  of 
New  England  stock.  Her  girlhood  was  spent  in  Churchville,  New  York, 
Oberlin,  Ohio,  and  Janesville,  Wisconsin,  whence  the  family  removed  to 
Evanston,  Illinois,  the  Willard  home  through  all  succeeding  years. 
Miss  Willard  is  a  graduate  of  the  Northwestern  University,  and  took 
the  degree  of  A.  M.  from  Syracuse  University.  She  was  for  four  years 
professor  of  Natural  Science  at  the  Northwestern  Female  College ;  one 
year  preceptress  of  the  Genesee  Wesleyan  Seminary,  Lima,  New  York  ; 
two  years  traveled  abroad,  studying  continental  languages  and  the  Fine 
Arts;  in  1871  became  President  of  the  Woman's  College  and  professor 


FRANCES  E.  WILI,ARD. 


WORLD'S  GENERAL  OFFICERS.  3 

of  Esthetics  in  the  Northwestern  University ;  in  1874  Corresponding 
Secretary  of  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U. ;  1877,  was  associated  with  Mr. 
Moody  in  evangelistic  work  in  Boston  ;  1878  President  of  the  W.  C.  T. 
U.  of  Illinois  and  editor  of  the  Chicago  Daily  Post ;  and  1879  President 
of  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U. 

In  1887,  Miss  Willard  was  elected  President  of  the  Woman's  Council 
of  the  United  States,  formed  from  the  confederated  societies  of  women  ; 
in  the  same  year  she  was  elected  to  the  General  Conference  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  which  represents  one  hundred  annual  con- 
ferences and  two  million  church  members,  and  in  1889  to  the  Ecumen- 
ical Conference  of  the  same  church  by  the  Rock  River  Conference,  but 
previous"  to  said  Council  her  name  was  thrown  out  by  the  Board  of 
Control  because  she  was  a  woman.  She  is  the  originator  of  the  Great 
Petition  against  the  alcohol  and  opium  trade,  which  is  to  be  presented 
to  all  governments,  and  which  has  already  started  on  its  tour  around  the 
world.  She  has  been  from  the  first  one  of  the  directors  of  the  Wom- 
an's Temperance  Publishing  Association,  and  since  the  death  of  Miss 
Mary  Allen  West,  editor-in-chief  cf  The  Union  Signal,  official  organ  of 
the  World's  and  National  W.  C.  T.  U.,  also  one  of  the  board  of  directors 
of  the  National  Temperance  Hospital  and  of  the  Temperance  Temple. 
Upon  her  return  to  this  country  in  1894,  after  a  prolonged  absence  in 
England,  whither  she  went  as  the  guest  of  Lady  Henry  Somerset  for 
rest  and  recuperation,  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.  D.  was  conferred 
upon  her  by  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  of  which  Dr.  Bashford  is 
president. 

Besides  the  multifarious  duties  connected  with  the  presidency  of  a 
World's  and  National  organization,  books,  magazine  articles,  tracts,  edi- 
torials, follow  each  other  in  quick  succession  from  this  busy  brain. 
Even  during  the  year  and  a  half  of  enforced  "rest,"  the  Chieftain's 
vitalizing  touch  continued  to  be  felt  in  every  department  of  W.  C.  T.  U. 
work  ;  and  now  every  hour  is  crowded  with  action  or  with  thought  that 
crystallizes  into  action  —  and  all  for  humanity,  for  Miss  Willard  long 
ago  learned  that  service  to  man  is  service  to  God.  She  is  pre-eminently 
the  people's  friend,  the  friend  of  the  oppressed,  the  struggling,  the  sor- 
rowful. As  one  who  knows  her  well,  said,  recently,  "The  surest  way 
to  Miss  Willard's  heart  is  to  have  a  '  grievance.'  " 

She  is  sometimes  called  "America's  uncrowned  queen."  Queen  she 
is  if  reigning  in  the  hearts  of  her  countrywomen  make  her  such.  Un- 
crowned she  is  not ;  the  insignia  of  royalty  which  rests  upon  her  brow, 
though  invisible  to  mortal  eye,  is  such  as  a  monarch  might  well  envy. 


4  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 

LADY  HENRY  SOMERSET. 
Vice- President. 

Isabel,  Lady  Henry  Somerset,  was  born  in  1851.  She  is  the  eldest 
daughter  of  Earl  and  Countess  Somers  of  Eastuor  Castle,  Ledbury,  in 
Herefordshire  England.  Three  miles  from  the  grand  old  market  town 
of  Ledbury  is  Eastnor  Castle,  beautiful  for  situation,  majestic  in  char- 
acter and  historic  in  surroundings.  In  sight,  is  the  Herefordshire 
Beacons,  the  highest  point  on  the  Malvern  Range,  one  of  the  strongest 
hill  fortresses  in  Britain.  For  ages  the  same  summit  of  this  hill  has 
been  used  for  beacon-fires,  whose  heats  have  charred  its  ranges.  At  the 
approach  of  the  Spanish  Armada, 

Twelve  counties  saw  the  blaze 
On  Malvern's  lonely  heignts, 

and  Eastnor  Castle  is  the  home  of  one  who  to-day  stands  as  a  beacon- 
light,  not  only  for  England,  but  for  the  world. 

Having  no  brothers,  Lady  Henry  Somerset  succeeded  to  the  inherit- 
ance of  the  vast  estate  of  her  father.  The  family  has  been  long  owners 
in  County  Kent,  certainly  as  far  back  as  the  thirteenth  century,  and  it 
numbers  many  illustrious  men  and  women. 

Born  thus  to  an  inheritance  of  culture,  refinement  and  wealth,  mar- 
ried in  1872  to  Lord  Somerset,  second  son  of  the  Duke  of  Beaufort, 
receiving  the  crown  of  motherhood  in  1874  by  the  birth  of  her  only 
child,  Lady  Henry  Somerset  seemed  to  have  all  that  the  world  can 
give.  Her  life  was  passed  in  the  gayest  of  England's  most  aristocratic 
society,  and  with  it  she  seemed  content  until  1885.  What  heavenly 
breezes  swept  her  soul  then  we  do  not  know,  but  the  result  is  manifest. 
Amid  all  of  life's  gayety,  she  had  felt  deep  spiritual  longings,  and  now 
these  spoke  to  her  soul  imperatively  ;  she  listened  to  this  heavenly  voice, 
turned  her  back  upon  London  and  its  gayeties  and  went  to  Eastnor 
Castle,  there  to  spend  several  months  with  her  Bible  and  God.  She 
came  forth  from  this  interval  of  solitude  the  daughter  of  a  King.  The 
duty  lying  nearest  her  was  the  welfare  of  a  large  tenantry.  At  the  very 
threshold  of  her  care  for  these  people  she  was  confronted  with  the  drink 
problem.  This  made  her  a  temperance  woman  and  worker.  In  1885, 
in  the  little  village  of  Ledbury,  at  her  castle  gates,  she  signed  the 
pledge  with  forty  of  her  tenants.  She  had  large  possessions  in  the  east 
of  London  as  well  as  in  the  beautiful  hills  of  Kent  that  we  have  de- 
scribed, her  tenants  in  the  city  numbering  nearly  one  hundred  thou- 
sand. Over  these  she  felt  her  heart  stirring  like  that  of  a  mother,  and 
she  who  had  been  the  light  of  the  West  End  drawing-rooms  now  went  to 


ANNA  A.  GORDON. 


MISS  JFSSIE  ACKERMAN. 


LADY  HENRY  SOMERSET. 


WORLD'S  GENERAL  OFFICERS.  5 

the  London  missions  to  seek  aud  save  those  that  were  lost.  Lady  Henry 
became  one  of  the  chief  supporters  of  the  great  work  undertaken  by 
Rev.  Hugh  Price  Hughes  in  St.  James  Hall.  She  went  to  him  and 
offered  to  receive  into  her  country  home  some  of  the  destitute  souls  in 
the  slums  of  Soho  ;  she  gave  fetes  to  probably  ten  thousand  poor  peo- 
ple at  a  time  ;  so  Eastuor  Castle  had  new  visitors. 

Mrs.  Hannah  Whitall  Smith  seems  to  have  been  the  connecting 
link  between  Lady  Henry  Somerset  and  the  British  Women's  Temper- 
ance Association.  Mrs.  Smith  went  to  Ledbury  to  give  a  series  of  Bible 
Readings.  Here  they  met  and  communed  concerning  the  things  of  the 
Kingdom  and  each  discovered  in  the  other  a  kindred  spirit.  When  God 
led  Lady  Henry  into  this  wide  sphere,  He  touched  her  lips  with  a  coal 
from  off  the  altar  of  inspiration.  There  is  something  fresh  and  un- 
hackneyed about  her  expressions.  She  comes  into  the  philanthropies 
from  another  sphere  and  has  learned  none  of  the  accustomed  phrases. 
She  takes  broad  views  of  the  situation,  and  does  not  shrink  from  bring- 
ing temperance  into  politics  by  laying  the  responsibility  upon  the  voters. 
As  editor  of  the  Woman's  Signal,  as  administrator,  and  as  leader  of  the 
B.  W.  T.  A.,  she  is  wielding  an  immense  influence  on  the  side  of  right 
and  truth.  Lady  Henry  stands  to-day  in  the  foreground  of  modern 
reform,  a  radical  of  radicals,  an  orator  among  orators,  all  her  varied 
gifts  of  mind  and  personality  set  apart — "not  to  be  ministered  unto,  but 
to  minister."  "Few  women,"  says  Miss  Willard,  "have  wrought  so 
much  good  in  space  so  brief;  we  are  but  at  the  beginning  of  the  story, 
and  if  life  aud  health  are  spared  for  twenty  years  it  will  be  written  that 
while  the  men  of  England  had  their  Shaftesbury,  its  women  had  their 
Somerset." 

Upon  her  first  visit  to  this  country  in  1891,  to  attend  the  World's 
Convention  in  Boston,  she  made  for  herself  an  enduring  place  in  the 
heart?  of  American  white-ribboners,  and  each  succeeding  visit  has  inten- 
sified their  love  and  admiration.  Thev  love  her  first  of  all  for  her  own 
sake — for  her  sweet  graciousness  and  her  beautiful  consecration  to  a 
holy  cause — and  they  love  her  for  her  sisterlv  ministrations  to  their  Chief- 
tain at  a  most  critical  time.  Indeed  the  names  of  Frances  Willard  and 
Lady  Henry  Somerset  will  ever  be  linked  together  in  the  thought  of  the 
World's  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union  as  its  two  great  leaders. 


The  sketch  of  the  late  Secretary  of  the  World's  W.  C.  T.  U.,  Mrs. 
Mary  A.  Woodbridge,  and  that  of  its  lamented  Treasurer,  Mrs.  Ella  F. 
M.  Williams,  will  be  found  among  those  of  other  promoted  comrades,  on 
page  98. 


6  THUMB  NAII,  SKETCHES. 

ANNA  A.  GORDON. 
Assistant  Secretary. 

Miss  Anna  Adams  Gordon  was  boru  and  bred  in  Boston.  She  is  a 
graduate  of  the  Newton  High  School,  was  a  student  in  Mount  Holyoke 
College,  and  has  been  for  eighteen  years  Miss  Willard's  private  secre- 
tary and  coadjutor.  Miss  Gordon  comes  of  a  parentage  of  the  best  New 
England  and  Middle  States  ancestry.  She  is  the  author  of  "  Marching 
Songs  "  and  the  Song  Book  of  the  Y's,  many  selections  of  which  were 
composed  and  written  by  herself ;  also  of '' Questions  Answered,"  cov- 
ering the  juvenile  work  undertaken  by  the  white-ribboners.  She  has 
also  compiled  the  "White-Ribbon  Birthday  Book,"  written  entertain- 
ments for  juvenile  societies  and  during  her  extended  travels  has  spoken 
to  the  children  in  schools,  Chautauquas  and  conventions.  As  World's 
Superintendent  of  Juvenile  work,  Miss  Gordon  called  together  the  won- 
derful exhibition  of  the  Temperance  Pledge  Cards  of  the  children  of 
all  nations  at  the  World's  Fair  in  Chicago,  1893.  The  Willard  Fountain 
of  which  she  is  projector  was  contributed  by  dimes  from  children  all 
over  the  world  to  the  World's  Fair  city  and  stands  at  the  entrance  to 
Willard  Hall,  The  Temple. 

It  is  safe  to  say  that  in  the  ranks  of  ripe  young  Christian  woman- 
hood, there  is  none  to  whose  record  the  words  Semper  fidelis  could 
more  fittingly  apply,  none  whose  industry  and  talents  have  contributed 
more  to  the  temperance  reform 


ROUND-THE-WORLD-MISSIONARIES. 


MARY  CLEMENT  LEAVITT. 

Mrs.  Mary  Clement  Leavitt,  our  first  Round-the- World  Missionary  is 
Honorary  President  of  the  World's  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and  her  sketch  will  be 
found  on  p.  I. 


JESSIE  A.  ACKERMAN. 

Miss  Jessie  Ackerman,  of  California,  second  Round-the- World  Mis- 
sionary, is  of  New  England  parentage,  with  the  fearless,  forceful  qual- 
ities essential  in  a  pioneer  reformer.  She  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
church  and  an  accredited  speaker  in  her  denomination,  having  been 
urged  by  leaders  to  "be  a  minister  and  done  with  it,"  since  she  is  so,  in 


D  R.  KATE  C.  BUSHNELL. 


MISS  ALICE  R.  PALMER. 


MRS.  KU/-ABETH  WHEEI.KR  ANDREW. 


ROUND-THE-WORLD  MISSIONARIES.  7 

effect.  But  the  temperance  work  has  her  whole  great  heart,  and  has  car- 
ried her  to  Alaska  on  a  trip  of  observation  for  our  society,  thence  to  the 
National  W.  C.  T.  U.  Convention,  New  York  (1888),  where  she  was 
made  World's  Organizer  and  whence  she  went  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands, 
Australia,  Japan,  China,  India  (including  Siam),  and  returned  to  Aus- 
tralia, having  been  forbidden  by  her  physicians  to  remain  longer  in 
Asia.  She  suffered  greatly  from  fever  and  ailments  resulting  therefrom, 
and  feared  she  must  give  up  her  work  ;  was  divinely  healed  and  helped 
until  she  became  stronger  and  more  effective  than  ever.  She  built  up 
the  Australian  W.  C.  T.  U.  on  the  foundations  laid  by  Mrs.  Leavitt,  and 
was  made  President  of  the  Federated  Australasian  provinces,  returning 
in  1893  to  America  for  the  World's  Convention  in  Chicago.  Miss  Acker- 
man  is  the  fortunate  possessor  of  a  strong  physique,  but  her  arduous 
labors  of  the  past  few  years  have  necessitated  prolonged  rest,  and  she 
is  now  in  England,  the  guest  of  Lady  Henry  Somerset,  with  a  view  to 
regaining  health  and  strength.  She  is  a  speaker  of  unusual  power, 
having  both  wit  and  pathos  at  her  command  and  takes  high  rank  as  a 
popular  lecturer. 


ELIZABETH  WHEELER  ANDREW. 

Every  white-ribboner  knows  and  loves  Mrs.  Andrew,  third  Round- 
the- World  Missionary  (in  point  of  exodus).  She  was  a  minister's  daugh- 
ter and  wife  and  a  successful  teacher.  Small  of  figure,  graceful  in  move- 
ment, irradiate  in  smile,  hers  is  a  face  and  a  form  to  remember  and  to 
bless.  But  rich  is  she,  above  all  else,  in  the  knowledge  of  her  heavenly 
Father's  benediction  on  the  heroic  and  unmatched  mission  in  the  cause 
of  purity  and  womanhood,  which  she  and  her  beloved  friend,  Dr.  Kate  C. 
Bushnell,  have  accomplished  in  India  and  other  Eastern  countries.  The 
story  of  their  remarkable  and  successful  service  is  better  known  in  Eng- 
land than  in  their  native  land,  for  the  official  investigation  of  their  re- 
ports, all  of  which  have  been  confirmed,  have  necessitated  their  remain- 
ing on  English  soil  much  of  the  time  since  their  social  purity  crusade, 
which  occupied  the  years  of  iSgo-^.  Their  revelations  of  the  social 
horrors  of  the  British  soldiery  in  India  and  the  existence  of  the  state 
regulation  of  vice  contrary  to  orders  from  the  mother  country,  have 
resulted  in  a  complete  reorganization  of  the  army  and  a  liberation  of 
the  degraded  women.  Mrs.  Andrew  and  Dr.  Bushnell  have  also  con- 
ducted with  signal  ability  a  campaign  against  the  opium  traffic  in  which 
England  is  so  deeply  involved,  with  China  and  Africa,  particularly. 


8  THUMB   NAIL  SKETCHES. 

When  in  the  United  States.  Mrs.  Andrew's  home  is  in  Evanston,  Illi- 
nois. Hers  is  one  of  the  many  honored  names  long  associated  with  the 
editorial  staff  of  The  Union  Signal  and  the  Woman's  Temperance  Pub- 
lishing Association. 


KATE  C.  BUSHNELL. 

Dr.  Kate  C.  Bushnell  is  so  closely  linked  with  Mrs.  Andrew  in  bonds 
of  service  and  affection  that  it  is  difficult  to  write  of  her  alone.  All 
that  has  been  said  of  her  friend's  wonderful  mission  since  1890  ma\  be 
said  of  hers,  for  they  have  worked  together  as  one  soul.  And  even 
before  that  date  Dr.  Bushnell,  who  is  still  a  young  woman,  had  accom- 
plished a  remarkable  work  for  social  purity  in  exploring  and  exposing 
the  infamous  dens  of  white  slave  women  in  the  lumber-camp  regions  of 
Wisconsin  and  Michigan.  Her  presentation  of  this  awful  iniquity  was 
so  modestly  yet  thrillingly  done  that  the  wicked  trembled  and  fled, 
and  the  good  rose  up  and  took  action.  Legislative  enactments,  conse- 
quent upon  this  expose,  have  greatly  lessened  the  opportunity  for  the 
procuress'  crimes.  It  was  in  1886  that  Miss  Willard  called  Dr.  Bushnell 
into  the  purity  work  ;  at  that  time  she  founded  the  "  Anchorage  Mission," 
for  women,  in  Chicago,  which  has  been  such  a  beacon  for  safety  and 
reform  ever  since.  Since  then  she  has  spoken  on  her  searching  theme 
throughout  the  United  States  and  the  world,  returning  last  year  to 
China,  where  she  had  lived  for  many  years  as  a  medical  missionary.  Dr. 
Bushnell's  home  is  also  in  Evanston,  Illinois. 


ALICE  R.  PALMER. 

The  fifth  Round-the- World  Missionary  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  Miss  Alice 
R.  Palmer,  was  born  in  Indiana  in  1856.  Her  father  was  of  New  Eng- 
land stock  and  her  mother  Scotch  Irish  on  the  one  side  and  "  Ole  Vir- 
ginny  blue  "  on  the  other.  She  became  a  radical  abolitionist  as  FOOH  as 
she  was  able  to  know  the  meaning  of  the  word.  Her  education  was  re- 
ceived at  the  State  Normal  school  and  after  completing  the  course  she 
taught  in  the  public  schools  of  the  state.  She  began  to  be  interested  in 
W.  C.  T.  U.  work  in  1884.  Though  at  that  time  totally  ignorant  of  the 
effects  of  drink  she  admired  the  dauntless  courage  of  the  women,  and, 
impressed  with  the  consciousness  that  God  was  their  teacher,  she,  as  she 


WORLD'S    SUPERINTENDENTS.  9 

says,  "joined  the  class  and  learned  too."  Miss  Palmer  became  State  Or- 
ganizer, and  in  1892  upon  the  nomination  of  Miss  Willard  was  appointed 
by  the  General  Officers  to  the  work  in  South  Africa.  From  that  time  until 
the  present  year,  1895,  she  was  most  happily  engaged  in  founding  and 
strengthening  the  local  unions  that  are  springing  up  all  through  that 
great  new  country,  in  which  our  heroic  Mrs.  Leavitt  was  the  pioneer. 
She  is  now  taking  a  needed  and  well-earned  rest  at  her  home  in  Frank- 
lin, Indiana. 

SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  DEPARTMENTS. 


FRANCES  J.  BARNES. 

No  name  is  more  familiar  to  the  young  women  who  have  donned 
the  white  ribbon  the  world  over,  than  that  of  Mrs.  Frances  J.  Barnes, 
General  Secretary  of  the  Young  Woman's  Branch. 

Born  in  Skaneateles,  a  lovely  village  on  the  shores  of  a  beautiful 
lake  in  the  western  part  of  New  York  state,  she  passed  a  very  happy 
childhood  in  the  shelter  of  a  Christian  home.  She  was  married  in  1871 
to  Mr.  Willis  A.  Barnes,  a  young  lawyer,  and  has  since  then  lived  in 
New  York  with  the  exception  of  four  years  spent  in  Chicago. 

Mrs.  Barnes'  Quaker  training  had  taught  her  the  value  of  woman's 
voice  and  opinion  and  had  prepared  her,  when  the  Crusade  came,  to 
step  into  the  temperance  ranks  and  "lend  her  influence  "  to  that  cause. 
Her  first  public  work,  however,  commenced  a  few  years  later  when  she 
was  living  in  Chicago.  There  she  met  Miss  Willard  and  was  associated 
with  her  in  conducting  gospel  temperance  meetings  in  lower  Farwell 
Hall. 

At  the  National  Convention  held  in  Baltimore  in  1878  Mrs.  Barnes 
was  made  a  member  of  the  committee  on  young  woman's  work.  It  was 
made  a  department  of  work  at  the  convention  of  iSSo  and  Mrs.  Barnes 
was  appointed  National  Superintendent,  which  position  she  filled  until 
the  fall  of  1891,  when  the  Young  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union 
was  made  a  Branch  of  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  with  Mrs.  Barnes  as 
General  Secretary.  Under  her  supervision  the  work  has  spread  with 
ever  increasing  ratio  and  wherever  the  General  Secretary  goes  her  tact 
and  winning  ways,  as  well  as  her  attractive  manner  of  presenting  what 
seems  to  prejudiced  minds  a  threadbare  subject,  gain  many  adherents  to 
the  cause  she  loves.  This  influence  has  been  especially  manifested  at 
parlor  meetings  where  an  assemblage  of  young  ladies  can  be  gathered 
by  invitation  who  would  not  attend  a  public  temperance  meeting,  but 


10  THUMB   NAIL   SKETCHES. 

who  come  as  a  compliment  to  the  hostess,  and  then  remain  to  be  intro- 
duced to  the  speaker  and  to  confess  the  power  of  her  persuasive  words. 

In  1890  Mrs.  Barnes  went  as  fraternal  delegate  from  the  National  W. 
C.  T.  U.  to  the  British  Women's  Temperance  Association  whose  conven- 
tion met  in  London.  Here  she  presented  Young  Woman's  work,  and 
Lady  Henry  Somerset,  President  of  the  Association,  accepted  the  super- 
intendency  of  this  department.  She  spent  several  months  traveling 
in  Great  Britain  and  on  the  continent,  and  in  1893  again  went  to  Eng- 
land where  she  was  the  guest  of  Lady  Henry  Somerset  at  Reigate  for 
some  weeks. 

This  year,  1895,  she  made  a  trip  to  the  Mediterranean  and  the  Orient 
as  chaperon  to  a  party  of  five  young  ladies,  and  as  is  her  wont  sowed 
temperance  seed  by  the  wayside  in  the  many  countries  visited. 


For  sketch  of  Miss  Anna  A.   Gordon,  Superintendent  of  Juvenile 
work,  see  page  6. 


MARY  H.  HUNT. 

The  World's  and  National  Department,  of  Scientific  Temperance 
Instruction,  of  which  Mrs.  Mary  H.  Hunt,  of  Boston,  is  superintendent, 
aims  to  secure  such  legislation  as  shall  make  the  study  and  teaching  of 
the  laws  of  health,  with  special  reference  to  the  effects  of  narcotics  on 
the  human  body  and  mind,  obligatory  throughout  the  entire  system  of 
public  education. 

Inspiration  and  prophecy  have  received  a  new  illustration  in  the 
creation  and  development  of  this  department.  It  has  been  well  said 
that  "  No  hero  rises  to  greatness  in  an  emergency  "  any  more  than  the 
oa£  tree  rises  to  height  of  trunk  and  toughness  of  fiber  when  some 
national  exigency  requires  battleships.  Descent  from  a  long  line  of 
devout  ancestors  distinguished  as  preachers  and  educators  furnished 
Mrs.  Hunt  that  quality  of  heart  and  brain  demanded  in  creating  this 
great  department.  Like  a  hardly  understood  whisper  in  the  ear  came 
to  her  in  1878  the  thought,  "Teach  the  children  the  scientific  facts 
about  alcohol  to-day  and  you  save  the  nation  from  drunkenness  to- 
morrow." She  quickly  saw  that  the  public  school  system  must  be  the 
vehicle  for  this  scientific  temperance  education,  and  that  suitable  text- 
books must  be  prepared.  By  the  grace  of  God  she  has  been  instrumental 
in  writing  the  laws  on  this  subject  in  all  the  States  and  Territories  of  the 


FRANCES  J.  BARNES. 


WORLD'S  SUPERINTENDENTS.  II 

United  States  except  three.  She  set  the  standard  for  the  many  series  of 
graded  text-books  which  have  been  issued  to  meet  the  demands  of  these 
laws,  and  since  1892  has  published  a  magazine  called  the  School  Physiol- 
ogy Journal,  which  is  devoted  to  showing  the  best  methods  of  teaching 
this  subject  in  different  grades  of  schools  ;  and  also  to  collecting  for  the 
busy  teacher  valuable  quotations  from  great  authorities  on  all  contro- 
verted points. 

While  this  work  has  been  going  on  at  home,  foreign  countries  have 
taken  note  and  the  temperance  teaching  of  the  world  is  being  modeled 
after  the  American  plan,  and  the  American  text-books  form  the  basis  of 
that  teaching  throughout  the  world.  Already  from  England,  India  and 
Russia  the  most  urgent  appeals  are  made  to  Mrs.  Hunt  to  come  over  and 
help  them.  To  the  reverent  soul  this  world-wide  movement  marks  the 
conserving,  conquering  power  of  One  "not  willing  that  any  should 
perish." 


ELIZABETH  W.  GREENWOOD. 

Miss  Elizabeth  W.  Greenwood,  Evangelistic  Superintendent  World's 
and  National  W.  C.  T.  U.,  has  from  the  Crusade,  held  a  unique  and 
influential  position  in  our  ranks.  The  daughter  of  a  lawyer,  living  on 
Brooklyn  Heights,  the  entree  to  a  very  different  life  has  always  been 
open  to  her ;  but  from  fourteen  years  of  age,  when  she  consecrated 
herself  to  Christ,  she  has  been  consumed  by  a  passion  to  embody  her 
highest  ideal  of  intellectual  Christian  womanhood. 

After  years  spent  in  tireless  study  and  her  graduation  with  highest 
honors  from  one  of  our  leading  colleges,  she  entered  the  W.  C.  T.  U. 
army  rarely  gifted  and  equipped.  As  President  of  a  large  Union, 
Superintendent  of  Scientific  Temperance  Instruction  in  her  state  ;  Na- 
tional Superintendent  of  Juvenile  work  ;  World's  and  National  Super- 
intendent of  Evangelistic  work,  she  has  displayed  most  varied  powers 
and  great  consecration. 

As  lecturer,  preacher,  evangelist,  she  has  held  immense  audiences  in 
most  conservative  churches,  while  jails,  asylums,  factories  and  halls 
have  been  equally  familiar  with  her  persuasive  voice.  As  a  teacher  of 
the  Word,  and  a  speaker  to  children  she  is  unequaled.  For  twenty 
years  Miss  Greenwood  has  preached  during  the  summer  to  a  large  con- 
gregation, near  her  country  home,  ministering  also  in  homes,  and  at 
the  grave.  Her  presence  is  everywhere  a  spiritual  uplift  to  our  work. 
She  is  of  Methodist  antecedents  but  for  some  years  has  been  attending 
upon  the  ministry  of  Dr.  Richard  Storrs,  of  Brooklyn. 


12  THUMB   NAIL  SKETCHES. 

HANNAH  WHITALL  SMITH. 

The  gospel  temperance  movement  has  no  leader  more  trusty  and 
tried  than  Hannah  Whitall  Smith,  Superintendent  of  Bible  Readings,  a 
"  Friend,  indeed,"  by  ancestry  and  membership.  Her  Bible  Readings 
and  books  have  a  world-wide  fame.  Mrs.  Smith  was  born  in  that  good- 
will city  of  the  Quakers,  Philadelphia,  ou  the  I7th  of  February,  1832. 
Her  father,  John  M.  Whitall,  was  distinguished  in  the  City  of  Brotherly 
Love  as  one  of  its  best  citizens,  and  her  mother  moved,  a  queen,  in 
that  most  democratic  of  fellowships,  the  Society  of  Friends.  Mrs. 
Smith  was  brought  up  strictly  in  the  "principles  and  testimonies"  of 
the  Society  of  Friends.  At  nineteen  years  of  age,  she  married  Robert 
Pearsall  Smith,  also  a  Friend,  though  of  Huguenot  ancestry.  Theirs 
was  a  home  of  wealth  and  happiness  from  the  beginning.  Several  chil- 
dren were  born  to  them.  Her  best  known  book,  "  The  Christian's  Secret 
of  a  Happy  Life,"  has  passed  through  not  less  than  forty  editions  and 
has  been  translated  into  a  dozen  languages,  including  the  Chinese. 
Other  volumes  of  Bible  lessons  have  been  published  by  her  and  for 
years  her  Bible  Readings  have  been  a  prominent  feature  of  the  publica- 
tions of  the  Woman's  Temperance  Publishing  Association. 

In  1874,  while  engaged  with  her  husband  iu  the  marvelous  Brighton 
meetings,  Mrs.  Smith  heard  the  story  of  the  wonderful  Woman's  Cru- 
sade. As  Mary  B.  Willard  said  in  her  sketch  of  Mrs.  Smith,  "She  must 
be  a  prehistoric  member  of  the  society,  for  she  wrote  in  the  Crusade 
year  :  '  There  came  a  strange  and  secret  whisper  to  my  spirit  that  told 
me  I  was  to  join  myself  to  those  women,  and  then  and  there  I  became 
a  member  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.'  "  Mrs.  Smith's  home  illustrates  the  con- 
secration of  wealth  and  culture  to  the  higher  possibilities  of  Christian 
living,  and  has  done  so  for  a  lifetime  past.  She  is  one  of  the  chief 
friends  and  counselors  of  Lady  Henry  Somerset,  in  the  British  Women's 
Temperance  Association.  Her  only  living  son,  Logan  Smith,  is  a  stu- 
dent iu  Oxford  University.  Mary,  the  eldest  daughter,  is  the  wife  of 
Frank  Costelloe,  a  graduate  of  Oxford,  and  a  rising  barrister  in  London. 
Alys,  the  younger  daughter,  graduated  from  Bryn  Mawr  College  with 
high  standing  and  was  recently  married  to  the  Hon.  Bartrand  Russell, 
grandson  of  Lord  John  Russell,  one  of  the  Premiers  of  England,  and 
brother  of  Earl  Russell. 

Hannah  Whitall  Smith  is  an  ideal  hostess  and  many  an  American 
white-ribboner  can  testify  to  the  genial  hospitality  dispensed  in  the 
beautiful  English  home  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith. 


MRS.  MARY  H.  HUNT. 


WORLD'S  SUPERINTENDENTS.  13 

MRS.  J.  K.   BARNEY. 

"Thy  gentleness  bath  made  me  great."  Those  words  of  the  Psalmist 
have  always  seemed  to  us  to  belong  in  an  especial  degree  to  the  Super- 
intendent of  Penal  work  for  the  World's  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and  the  National 
Prison  Evangelist,  Mrs.  J.  K.  Barney,  of  Providence,  Rhode  Island. 

It  is  rarely  indeed  that  the  world  sees  such  a  combination  of  daunt- 
less force  and  gentle  persuasiveness.  A  wee  little  woman,  with  a  voice 
like  a  silver  bell,  a  modest,  almost  shrinking  air,  a  face  lighted  from 
within,  and  a  smile  that  is  heaven's  own  sunbeam,  she  is  just  the  type 
that  a  conservative  of  conservatives  would  call  "womanly"  ;  just  the 
one  to  whom  a  motherless  child  would  turn  for  comfort  or  to  whom  a 
sin-sick,  disgraced  girl  could  sob  out  her  bitter  repentance. 

She  was  for  five  years  President  of  the  Rhode  Island  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and 
National  Superintendent  of  Penal  work  ;  later  she  accepted  the  superin- 
tendency  for  the  World's  Union.  In  her  capacity  as  Prison  Evangelist, 
she  has  visited  the  majority  of  penal  institutions  in  this  country,  and 
not  only  do  hundreds  of  men  and  women  bless  God  for  her  coming,  as 
the  beginning  of  anew  life  for  them,  but  through  her  wise  agitation, 
many  necessary  reforms  have  been  brought  about  in  prison  government. 

The  appointment  of  police  matrons,  which  has  proved  so  vital  as  a 
reform  measure  in  our  cities,  originated  in  Mrs.  Barney's  thought,  and 
was  by  her  pushed  to  a  successful  issue.  She  is  a  speaker  of  unusual 
ability  ;  her  Bible  Readings  in  particular  being  marvelous  in  their  depth 
of  thought  and  clearness  of  teaching.  She  has  just  completed  a  most 
successful  six  months'  work  in  England,  and  won  for  herself  there  the 
same  warmth  and  tenderness  of  love  which  is  given  her  here. 


JOSEPHINE  R.  NICHOLS. 

Mrs.  Josephine  Nichols,  of  Indiana,  Superintendent  of  Fairs  and 
Expositions  is  a  Kentuckian  by  birth  and  training,  an  Episcopalian  in 
church  relationship  and  prominent  in  Foreign  and  Home  Mission  work 
in  her  church.  As  a  school-girl  she  evinced  marked  literary  ability  and 
at  a  very  early  age  contributed  to  more  than  one  Southern  magazine. 
She  married  young  and  for  many  years  devoted  herself  to  the  cares  of 
"home  and  family. 

When  the  Woman's  Crusade  began  Mrs.  Nichols  entered  into  the 
movement  with  all  the  enthusiasm  of  her  nature  and  ever  since  has  been 
speaking  and  working  for  temperance  and  woman's  suffrage  in  America 


14  THUMB   NAIL  SKETCHES. 

and  Europe.  She  was  President  of  the  State  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  Indiana, 
and  for  some  years  National  Superintendent  of  the  department  of  State 
and  County  Fairs.  Temperance  restaurants,  temperance  caf£s,  temper- 
ance bazaars,  temperance  news-stands,  temperance  drinks,  temperance 
picture  galleries,  temperance  banners  and  embellishments  of  all  kinds 
are  a  special  study  with  this  expert  as  teacher.  Her  work  for  the  W.  C. 
T.  U.  at  the  New  Orleans,  Paris,  and  Columbian  Expositions  has  added 
immensely  to  the  prestige  of  our  organization  throughout  the  world,  the 
white-ribbon  exhibits  having  taken  high-rank  upon  each  occasion — as 
prizes  and  medals  testify. 

Mrs.  Nichols  is  one  of  the  most  popular  W.  C.  T.  U.  orators  in  the 
field.  A  woman  of  refinement  and  culture,  pleasing  appearance,  orig- 
inal in  thought  and  graceful  in  delivery,  she  is  received  everywhere  with 
marked  approbation. 


HANNAH  J.  BAILEY. 

Mrs.  Hannah  J.  Bailey,  of  Maine,  Superintendent  of  the  department 
of  Peace  and  International  Arbitration,  is  a  woman  whose  philanthropic 
works  are  known  far  beyond  the  limits  of  the  white-ribbon  organization. 
She  was  born  at  Cornwall-on-Hudson  in  1839,  afterwards  residing  at 
Plattekill,  New  York,  where  she  has  erected  a  fine  country  seat  on  the 
site  of  her  old  homestead.  She  is  the  eldest  of  eleven  children,  reared 
in  the  strong,  peaceful  orinciples  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  in  which 
denomination  her  father  was  a  minister  and  of  which  she  is  a  prominent 
member,  holding  responsible  positions  in  the  church.  In  1868  she  was 
married  to  Moses  Bailey,  a  wealthy  and  highly  honored  Friend,  whose 
death  in  1882  left  a  great  shadow  upon  her  life. 

Having  been  a  school  teacher  for  ten  years  prior  to  her  marriage, 
Mrs.  Bailey  brought  to  her  field  of  labor  in  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  a  power  for 
systematic  work,  which,  added  to  a  natural  thoughtfulness  of  detail, 
makes  her  a  valuable  leader,  and  her  appointment  to  her  present  office 
in  the  World's  Union  in  1888  was  a  most  fitting  one.  In  its  interest  she 
is  untiring,  editing  two  papers,  distributing  literature,  traveling  and 
employing  a  secretary,  all  at  her  own  expense.  Mrs.  Bailey  is  one  of 
the  directors  of  the  Woman's  Temperance  Publishing  Association,  and 
has  been  from  the  first  one  of  the  main  pillars  of  that  organization,  ex- 
tending to  it  both  moral  and  financial  support.  She  is  well  known  to 
the  National  Convention  as  its  time-keeper,  it  being  her  duty  to  strike  a 


HANNAH  WHITALL  SMITH. 


MRS.  JOSEPHINE  BUTLER. 


WORLD'S  SUPERINTENDENTS.  15 

bell  on  the  instant  that  the  allotment  of  any  speaker  expires.  Her 
recent  election  as  Treasurer  of  the  National  Council  of  Women  shows  a 
growing  appreciation  of  her  business  ability. 

Mrs.  Bailey  has  one  son,  a  Christian  business  man,  who  is  worthy  of 
his  noble  ancestry  and  his  mother's  greatest  comfort. 


LUCIA  E.  F.  KIM  BALL. 

No  department  of  W.  C.  T.  U.  effort  can  show  a  better  record  than 
that  of  Sunday-school  work.  Miss  Lucia  Kimball  was  its  National 
Superintendent  for  seventeen  years  and  has  been  three  years  World's 
Superintendent.  She  declares  that  whatever  of  good  has  been  accom- 
plished through  her  must  be  credited  to  her  priceless  heritage  of  Chris- 
tian principles,  and  the  example  of  her  parents  in  loyalty  to  the  tem- 
perance and  all  other  noble  causes.  Miss  Kimball  was  born  and  reared 
in  New  Hampshire,  of  parents  noble  in  the  truest  sense,  who  in  their 
childhood  took  p.  firm  stand,  amid  much  contradiction,  for  total  absti- 
nence. She  is  a  graduate  of  Mt.  Holyoke  Seminary  and  was  for  several 
years  a  teacher  in  Chicago,  but  like  many  another,  resigned  her  posi- 
tion that  she  might  join  the  newly  recruited  army  of  the  white-ribbon 
movement,  and  at  once  dedicated  herself  to  work  in  the  Sunday-schools. 
The  largest  Sunday-school  petition  ever  known  was  the  one  circulated 
by  her  asking  for  a  Quarterly  Temperance  Lesson  in  the  International 
Series.  This  was  acceded  to  at  the  Atlanta  Sunday  School  Convention 
in  1878,  but  was  subsequently  thrown  out  by  the  International  Committee. 

Nothing  daunted,  Miss  Kimball  worked  on  until  she  succeeded  in 
securing  Quarterly  Temperance  Lessons  in  the  regular  course — a  world- 
wide gain,  as  the  International  Series  is  used  the  world  over. 

Miss  Kimball  is  an  attractive  writer  and  contributes  to  some  of  our 
leading  religious  weeklies,  while  her  fine  bearing,  pleasant  voice,  clear 
enunciation  and  intense  earnestness  give  her  peculiar  fitness  as  a  public 
speaker. 


MRS.  CHARLTON  EDHOLM. 

Mrs.  Charlton  Edholm,  who  was  appointed  World's  Superintendent 
of  Press  work,  at  the  Boston  Convention  in  1891,  has  been  a  journalist 
for  twenty  years,  most  of  her  work  being  along  Christian,  temperance 


16  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 

and  philanthropic  lines.  For  many  years  her  work  averaged  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  columns  of  original  matter,  in  which  every  phase  of  the 
labors  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  was  depicted  in  thousands  of  papers  in  the 
English-speaking  world. 

While  editing  that  charming  booklet,  "Around  the  World  with 
Jesus,"  by  Evaagelist  Charles  N.  Crittenton,  she  became  interested  in 
the  rescue  work  among  erring  girls,  and  her  book  entitled  "The  Traffic 
in  Girls  and  Florence  Crittenton  Missions"  was  the  result.  Mrs. 
Edholm's  heart  became  so  stirred  with  love  and  pity  for  these 
betrayed  and  enslaved  girls  that  she  determined  to  make  Social  Purity 
work  her  sp2cialty,  and  continues  to  both  speak  and  write  in  their 
behalf.  Wherever  she  speaks  upon  the  subject  and  presents  the  splendid 
rescue  work  done  by  the  thirteen  Florence  Crittenton  Missions,  her 
audience  manifests  intense  interest,  and  an  awakened  desire  to  aid  in 
saving  the  girls,  and  to  that  end  many  have  joined  the  white-ribbon 
army.  Mrs.  Edholm's  ho-ne  is  in  C'licago  where  with  her  only  son 
she  leads  a  busy  life  in  the  work  to  which  she  has  so  fully  consecrated 
her  powers. 


MRS.  JOSEPHINE  BUTLER. 

No  one  can  read  the  thrilling  account  of  the  Repeal  Movement  in 
England,  of  which  Mrs.  Josephine  Butler  was  the  heroic  leader,  without 
a  sense  of  reverent  love  and  thankfulness  for  such  a  brave  and  beauti- 
ful life.  Mrs.  Butler  has  worked  for  twenty-six  years  for  the  abolition 
of  the  state  regulation  of  vice  all  over  the  world.  She  was  married  in 
1850  to  the  Rev.  George  Butler,  M.  A.,  afterwards  Canon  of  Winchester 
Cathedral,  whose  chivalrous  love  inspired  her  during  the  years  of  conflict 
before  success  crowned  the  efforts  of  the  Repeal  Party  in  1886,  when  the 
Repeal  Bill  passed  the  House  of  Commons.  What  Mrs.  Butler  endured 
during  the  early  stages  of  the  campaign,  few  but  herself  know.  Delicately 
nurtured  and  constitutionally  sensitive,  she  had  first  to  overcome  a  nat- 
ural reluctance  to  speak  out  on  the  subject  burning  in  her  heart.  The 
work  began  in  Liverpool,  where  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Butler  opened  a  private 
House  of  Rest,  and  later,  an  Industrial  Home  for  preventive  aud  rescue 
work.  "Then  came,"  says  Mrs.  Butler,  "the  dreaded  call  to  go  forth  and 
cry  aloud,"  and  though  she  "  hated  the  task  "  the  call  was  obeyed  and 
the  sacred  fire  of  a  new  Crusade  spread  throughout  Great  Britain  and  the 
continent  and  has  resulted  in  a  wonderful  awakening  upon  the  subject 
of  Social  Purity  the  world  over.  Mrs.  Butler's  associates  in  this  work  for 


WORLD'S    SUPERINTENDENTS.  17 

the  World's  W.  C.  T.  U.  are  Mrs.  Andrew  and  Dr.  Bushnell,  and  a  more 
consecrated  and  fearless  trio  it  would  be  hard  to  find. 

Mrs.  Butler  has  filled  the  posts  of  President  of  Honor  of  the  British 
Continental  and  General  Federation  for  the  abolition  of  state  regula- 
tion of  prostitution,  and  Continental  Hon.  Secretary  of  the  same. 
Also,  Hon.  Secretary  of  the  Ladies'  National  Association  and  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Personal  Rights  Association. 


MISS  AGNES  WESTON. 

Miss  Weston,  of  Portsmouth,  England,  Superintendent  of  Work 
among  Sailors  for  the  World's  W.  C.  T.  U.,  is  the  President  of  the  Plym- 
outh Branch  of  the  National  B.  W.  T.  A.  For  over  twenty  years  she 
has  lived  and  worked  among  the  Blue  Jackets  of  Her  Majesty's  Navy. 
The  result  of  her  powerful  influence  is  now  seen  in  the  widespread 
reform  which  has  taken  place  in  the  habits  of  hundreds  of  men  to  whom 
her  name  is  a  talisman  for  good.  One  man  out  of  every  six  in  the  navy 
is  a  total  abstainer,  and  Miss  Weston 's  work — including  her  monthly 
letters  to  sailors — (the  now  far-famed  "  Blue-Backs  "),  Ashore  and  Afloat, 
which  she  edits,  the  "Sailors'  Rests "  she  has  established  in  Ports- 
mouth, and  her  untiring  personal  efforts,  have  called  forth  the  admira- 
tion, not  only  of  the  Commanders  and  the  Lords  of  the  Admiralty,  but 
of  all  who  know  of  the  devoted  labor  of  her  life. 


MISS  CATHERINE  GURNEY. 

Miss  Gurney,  of  London,  World's  Superintendent  of  Work  among 
Policemen,  is  Hon.  Secretary  of  the  International  Christian  Police 
Association.  The  work  which  was  started  in  her  own  home  with  six 
members,  in  1893,  has  now  become  an  International  Association  with 
branches  in  the  United  Kingdom,  America,  Australia,  India,  China, 
Japan  and  South  Africa.  The  basis  of  the  Association  is  entirely  unsec- 
tarian  and  non-political,  its  object  being  the  spiritual  and  temporal  wel- 
fare of  the  police.  It  aims  to  establish  Institutes,  Convalescent  Homes 
and  Orphanages,  and  has  a  Police  Temperance  Union  connected  with 
it.  For  twenty-one  years  Miss  Gurney  has  been  a  gospel  temperance 
worker  and  for  the  last  thirteen  years  connected  with  the  work  among 
the  police,  which  she  has  now  so  successfully  established  in  many 
lands. 


i8  THUMB  NAII,  SKETCHES. 

MRS.  S.  L.  OBERHOLTZER. 

Mrs.  S.  L.  Oberholtzer,  of  Norristown,  Pennsylvania,  poet  and  author, 
is  Superintendent  of  School  Savings  Banks.  She  is  an  enthusiast  in  her 
line,  as  all  specialists  to  be  successful  must  be.  This  is  comparatively  a 
new  department  of  W.  C.  T.  U.  work,  but  through  the  influence  of  Mrs. 
Oberholtzer  there  are  hundreds  of  public  schools  in  the  United  States 
following  the  Savings  Banks  system,  proving  that  children  thus  trained 
to  thought  and  economy  by  their  teachers  do  not  spend  their  money  for 
cigarettes  and  drinks  which  breed  intemperance. 

As  World's  Superintendent  of  this  most  helpful  department,  Mrs. 
Oberholtzer  hopes  to  introduce  this  system,  which  is  proving  so  bene- 
ficial in  our  own  country,  into  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  work  of  other  lands. 


MRS.  SHUTTLEWORTH  BODEN. 

Mrs.  Boden,  who  is  Superintendent  of  Parlor  Meetings  for  the 
World's  W.  C.  T  .U.  and  Superintendent  of  the  Social  department  of  the 
National  B.  W.  T.  A.,  has  been  actively  engaged  in  the  white-ribbon 
cause  for  thirteen  years.  For  some  time  she  has  interested  herself  in 
various  ways  in  the  women  employes  of  Castle  Fields  Works  (Messrs. 
Bodeu  &  Co.)  and  conducted  a  large  sewing  class  weekly.  She  has  had 
much  to  do  with  establishing  and  bringing  to  its  present  condition  the 
Derby  Branch  of  the  National  B.  W.  T.  A.;  has  conducted  and  addressed 
many  drawing-room  and  public  meetings  in  various  parts  of  the  country 
and  is  greatly  esteemed  by  all  religious  and  philanthropic  workers  in 
the  town,  who  regard  her  as  their  leader  in  many  social  and  religious 
undertakings.  She  is  the  Vice-President  of  the  British  Temperance 
League,  Vice-President  of  the  Girls'  Friendly  Society,  Treasurer  of  the 
Women's  Union  C.  E.  T.  S.  (Derby  Branch),  an  active  member  of  the 
Committee  of  the  Association  for  the  Help  and  Protection  of  Girls,  and 
Vice-President  of  Derby  and  Derbyshire  Bands  of  Hope,  Woman's  Aux- 
iliary Union.  Her  husband,  a  wealthy  manufacturer,  has  recently  left 
the  Conservative  party  on  account  of  its  opposition  to  the  Local  Veto 
Bill. 


MISS  GWENLLIAN  MORGAN. 

Miss  Gwenlliau  Morgan,  of  Brecon,  South  Wales,  Superintendent  of 
Petitions  and  Treaties,  World's  W.  C.  T.  U.,  is  a  member  of  the  Execu 
tive  Committee  of  the  National  B.  W.  T.  A.  and  President  of  the  Brecon 


WORLD'S    SUPERINTENDENTS.  19 

Branch.  She  has  been  a  white-ribbou  worker  for  eleven  years  and  takes 
a  deep  interest  in  the  work.  Miss  Morgan  organized  the  Polyglot  Peti- 
tion work  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  and  has  filled  the  position  of 
British  Secretary  for  the  World's  W.  C.  T.  U.  Apart  from  this,  she  is 
in  full  sympathy  with,  and  has  long  been  connected  with  active  work 
for  women  generally,  on  political  and  suffrage  lines. 


MRS.  EVA  MCLAREN. 

The  woman's  movement  in  England  has  few  more  capable  and  popu- 
lar supporters  than  Mrs.  Eva  McLaren,  Superintendent  of  the  Franchise 
department  of  the  World's  W.  C.  T.  U.  She  is  actively  associated  with 
the  Woman's  Liberal  Federation,  and  is  the  Vice- President  of  the  Na- 
tional B.  W.  T.  A.  In  this  capacity  she  presides  over  and  leads  the 
white-ribbon  forces  in  England  when  the  President,  Lady  Henry  Somer- 
set, is  absent  from  the  post.  Mrs.  McLaren  is  superintendent  of  the 
department  for  work  among  municipal  women  voters;  is  an  authority 
on  parliamentary  drill  and  rules  and  procedure  in  debate  ;  has  written 
leaflets  on  the  subject  of  "  The  Duties  of  Women  on  Parish  and  District 
Councils,"  and  has  the  cause  of  woman's  franchise  greatly  at  heart. 
Mrs.  McLaren  is  also  a  fine  speaker.  Her  husband,  Walter  McLaren, 
M.  P.,  is  a  nephew  of  John  Bright  and  one  of  the  chief  champions  of 
woman's  cause  in  the  British  Parliament. 


MRS.  ESTHER  T.  PRITCHARD. 

Mrs.  Esther  Tuttle  Pritchard,  of  Indiana,  World's  Superintendent  of 
Proportionate  and  Systematic  Giving,  is  the  daughter  of  a  minister  of 
the  Society  of  Friends  and  is  herself  a  preacher  in  that  church.  She 
edited  for  some  years  The  Friends'  Missionary  Advocate  and  was  a 
teacher  in  the  Chicago  Training  School  for  Missions.  Her  husband's 
removal  from  Chicago  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Friends  church,  Kokomo, 
Indiana,  severed  her  connection  with  the  school  and  left  her  free  U> 
push  the  special  work  of  her  department.  Seventeen  State  Unions 
have  now  adopted  the  department,  while  outside  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  ten 
Woman's  Missionary  Boards  have  been  influenced  to  create  a  similar 
agency.  The  World's  department  is  as  yet  in  its  incipiency,  but  a 
movement  so  evidently  providential  must,  under  the  enthusiastic  and 
able  superintendency  of  Mrs.  Pritchard,  continue  to  advance. 


National  and  Colonial  Auxiliaries. 


States. 

Organized  1874. 
GENERAL  OFFICERS. 


FRANCES.  E.  WILLARD. 

President. 
For  sketch  of  our  National  President  see  page  2. 


LILLIAN  M.  N.  STEVENS. 
Vice-  President-at-Large. 

Mrs.  Lillian  M.  N.  Stevens  was  born  in  Dover,  Maine,  in  1844.  She 
spent  her  early  womanhood  as  a  teacher,  and  married  at  the  age  of 
twenty-one.  Her  husband  sympathizes  with  her  in  her  work,  and 
her  only  child,  Gertrude,  now  Mrs.  Leavitt  of  Portland,  Maine,  is  her 
mother's  helper  in  much  of  her  public  work. 

In  the  summer  of  1874  when  Miss  Willard  went  to  Old  Orchard, 
Maine,  to  speak  on  temperance  and  to  organize  a  W.  C.  T.  U.,  Mrs. 
Stevens  was  there,  assisted  in  the  organization  of  the  Maine  Union  and 
was  chosen  its  Treasurer,  which  position  she  held  for  three  year?.  She 
was  then  elected  President,  and  has  been  unanimously  re-elected  to 
that  position  each  succeeding  year.  For  thirteen  years  she  was  Assist- 
ant Recording  Secretary  of  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.,  for  one  year 
Recording  Secretary,  and  at  the  Cleveland  Convention  in  1894,  was, 
on  nomination  of  Miss  Willard,  elected  Vice-President-at-Large  of  the 
National  Union. 

Besides  filling  these  offices  and  leading  the  women  of  Maine  as  Pres- 
ident of  the  constantly  growing  State  W.  C.  T.  U.,  working  and  speak- 
ing untiringly  for  it,  Mrs.  Stevens  has  carried  on  a  great  amount  of 
work  connected  with  the  charities  of  her  native  state,  being  officially 
connected  with  several  homes  for  the  dependent  classes.  She  has  for 

(20) 


MRS.  I,.  M.  N.  STEVENS. 


GENERAL  OFFICERS.  21 

years  been  the  Maine  representative  in  the  National  Conference  of 
Charities  and  Correction.  In  1892  she  was  appointed  one  of  the  L/ady 
Managers  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  and  had  entire  charge 
of  preparing  Maine's  exhibit  of  Charities  and  Correction  (homes,  hos- 
pitals, asylums,  etc.)  which  appeared  in  the  Anthropological  Building 
at  the  Fair.  For  three  years  she  was  Treasurer  of  the  National  Coun- 
cil of  Women  of  the  United  States,  and  upon  voluntarily  retiring  from 
that  position,  was  placed  in  the  cabinet  of  the  Council  and  given  the 
portfolio  of  Moral  Reform. 

Mrs.  Stevens  has  always  been  a  woman  suffragist.  Even  as  a  child 
she  observed  that  the  times  were  "  out  of  joint "  and  felt  that  this  was 
largely  due  to  the  fact  that  humanity  is  unequally  developed  in  the  two 
fractions  which  make  up  the  integer.  When  in  1876  Miss  Willard 
introduced  into  the  white-ribbon  ranks  the  unwelcome  discussion  of  the 
ballot  for  woman  as  the  most  helpful  method  of  temperance  reform, 
and  led  the  argument  for  four  years  in  the  great  conventions,  Mrs. 
Stevens  was  one  of  her  staunchest  and  most  helpful  allies,  and  it  was 
at  this  time  that  their  friendship  was  cemented  by  that  unbreakable 
bond  forged  in  the  furnace  of  contradiction. 

No  woman  in  our  organization  is  more  loyal  to  its  fundamental 
principles  ;  none  possesses  in  greater  degree  the  universal  confidence  of 
its  friends,  men  and  women,  and  the  good-will  of  its  opponents,  than 
"Mrs.  Stevens  of  Maine."  The  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  congratulate 
themselves  upon  the  fact  that  it  is  this  level-headed,  womanly  woman 
who  "stands  for"  their  beloved  Miss  Willard  during  the  latter's  en- 
forced absences  and  frequent  withdrawals  from  public  participation  in 
W.  C.  T.  U.  affairs.  With  Mrs.  Stevens  as  first-mate,  the  National  Union, 
heavily  freighted  as  it  is  with  "  hopes  of  future  years,"  may  "  sail  on  " 
as  in  the  past,  with  a  "  faith  triumphant  o'er  its  fears." 


KATHARINE  LENTE  STEVENSON. 
Corresponding  Secretary. 

"  Showing  mercy  unto  the  third  and  fourth  generation  of  them  that 
love  me,"  is  a  spontaneous  reflection  as  one  looks  upon  the  inspired  face 
of  the  little  woman  whom  the  world  knows  as  Katharine  Lente  Steven- 
son. If  Methodism  would  send  her  out  as  the  finished  product  of  the 
system,  Methodist  fathers  and  grandfathers  would  be  at  a  premium,  for 
an  electric  brain,  pioneer  progressiveness,  intrepid  courage  and  inexor- 
able love  stamp  the  word  and  work  of  this  daughter  of  the  church. 


22  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 

Katharine  L,ente  Stevenson  was  born  in  Copake,  Columbia  County, 
New  York,  May  8,  1853.  Her  father  was  Marvin  R.  L,ente  ;  her  mother 
Hannah  L/onzada.  In  her  mother  a  rare  physical  beauty  and  queenly 
dignity  of  bearing  were  blended  with  high  mental  and  spiritual  endow- 
ment and  an  intense  love  for  all  things  true  and  beautiful.  On  the 
mother's  side  also  may  be  found  that  trace  of  Jewish  blood  which  Du 
Maurier  says  is  so  precious,  when  diluted,  and  so  essential  to  the  world's 
best  achievement.  In  1881  the  daughter  graduated  from  the  School  of 
Theology  of  Boston  University,  the  only  woman  in  her  class,  and  pro- 
nounced by  the  dean  "the  best  balanced  mind  in  the  school."  The 
refusal  of  the  General  Conference  of  the  M.  E.  Church  to  recognize 
women  as  preachers  terminated  her  ministry  as  associate  pastor  of  the 
Methodist  church  in  Allston,  Massachusetts,  but  she  says  the  cherished 
dream  of  her  life  is  to  be  in  charge  of  a  church — Methodist  if  it  may  be, 
Independent  if  it  must  be. 

As  the  wife  of  Mr.  James  Stevenson,  a  merchant  of  Boston,  Newton, 
Massachusetts,  was  her  home  until  1893,  when  she  came  to  Chicago  as 
editor  of  the  department  of  Books  and  Leaflets  for  the  Woman's  Tem- 
perance Publishing  Association,  and  contributing  editor  to  the  Union 
Signal.  In  November,  1894,  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  showed  its  ap- 
preciation of  her  two  years'  brave  service — 1891-93 — as  Corresponding 
Secretary  of  the  Massachusetts  W.  C.  T.  U.  by  electing  her  to  the  same 
office  in  the  National  organization.  Now  from  her  high  corner  in 
National  Headquarters  Mrs.  Stevenson  is  thinking  the  highest,  hoping 
the  most  and  believing  the  best  for  every  work  and  worker  in  the  great 
cause.  Her  broad  plans,  swift  intuitions  and  spirit  of  love  that  "  think- 
eth  no  evil,"  will  make  her  a  realizer  and  harmonizer  along  all  W.  C. 
T.  U.  lines.  But  humanity  is  her  field  and  every  movement  that  guar- 
antees the  uplift  of  human  life  toward  the  Christ  standard  claims  her 
active  loyalty.  Her  logic  is  as  keen  as  her  intuition.  Nelson  Sizer,  the 
great  phrenologist,  said  of  her,  years  ago,  "  that  intellect  of  yours  is 
like  a  detective,  it  shadows  an  error  till  it  either  trees  or  burrows  it." 

The  crown  of  Mrs.  Stevenson's  life,  however,  is  not  her  exceptional 
success  as  a  platform  speaker,  a  writer  and  an  officer,  but  as  a  home- 
maker.  She  has  poured  out  a  large  life  on  a  husband  worthy  of  her. 
No  "  own  "  children  call  her  mother,  but  thousands  of  "  own  mothers  " 
would  die  to  win  the  worshipful  love  and  fealty  with  which  she  is  en- 
riched by  the  three  lovely  step-daughters  whom  she  has  molded  to  her 
own  sweet  ways. 


MRS.  KATHARINE  LENTE  STEVENSON. 


CLARA.  C.  HOFFMAN. 


GENERA^  OFFICERS.  23 

CLARA   C.  HOFFMAN. 
Recording  Secretary. 

Mrs.  Clara  C.  Hoffman,  of  Kansas  City,  is  one  of  the  best  lecturers 
among  the  brilliant  coterie  that  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  has  drawn 
together.  When  she  speaks  none  can  choose  but  listen,  whether  the 
subject  is  agreeable  to  him  or  not.  To  a  clear  brain,  ready  wit,  great 
originality  and  a  fluent  command  of  language,  she  adds  a  heart  on  fire 
with  her  theme,  and  an  ardent  longing  to  save  human  souls  from  the 
slavery  of  drink.  Nature  has  endowed  her  with  a  deep,  mellow,  alto 
voice,  strong  and  clear,  making  every  word  distinctly  audible  in  the 
largest  building  or  in  the  open  air.  With  wonderful  adaptability  she 
suits  her  discourse  to  the  audience  before  her,  and  holds  their  attention, 
whether  it  be  the  educated  or  the  mission  people  of  a  city,  the  pupils 
of  a  college  or  the  rough  denizens  of  some  remote  country  village. 

Mrs.  Hoffman  was  born  in  New  York  state,  but  became  identified 
with  the  white-ribbon  movement  in  Kansas  City,  Missouri,  giving  up 
her  position  as  principal  of  a  school  to  enter  its  ranks. 

Under  her  wise  leadership  Missouri  speedily  became  one  of  the  best 
organized  of  states,  while  her  growing  power  and  popularity  as  a  leader 
have  been  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  for  the  last  five  years  of  her  state 
presidency  there  has  not  been  one  ballot  cast  against  her.  At  the  Chi- 
cago Convention  in  1893  she  was  made  Assistant  Recording  Secretary, 
and  at  Cleveland,  1894,  chosen  Recording  Secretary  to  succeed  Mrs.  L. 
M.  N.  Stevens,  who  became  Vice-President-at-Large. 

She  was  the  delegate  of  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  at  the  Woman's 
Council  in  Washington  and  no  speaker  was  received  with  more  marked 
favor.  To  her  was  given  the  honor  of  reading  the  Great  Petition  at  its 
first  presentation  before  a  National  ruler,  in  the  interview  with  Presi- 
dent Cleveland,  Feb.  19,  1895.  Mrs.  Hoffman  will  be  one  of  the  most 
honored  delegates  at  the  London  Convention  and  cannot  fail  to  make 
for  herself  a  place  in  the  hearts  of  the  sisterhood  abroad  as  well  as  at 
home. 


FRANCES  ESTILL  BEAUCHAMP. 
Assistant  Recording  Secretary. 

In  a  typical  old  Kentucky  home  where  four  generations  of  Estills 
had  lived  and  died,  Frances,  the  sole  representative  of  the  fifth  Gen- 
eration, was  born  in  1857.  Of  Quaker  ancestry  and  reared  under  the 


24  THUMB   NAIL  SKETCHES. 

most  happy  Christian  influences  she  early  developed  that  sunny  temper- 
ament and  independence  of  thought  which  characterizes  her.  She  was 
given  every  educational  advantage  and  graduated  in  1874  ;  was  married 
the  following  year  to  Mr.  J.  H.  Beauchamp,  a  rising  young  lawyer  and 
Christian  gentleman.  When  the  Lexington  \V.  C.  T.  U.  was  organized 
in  1886,  Mrs.  Beauchamp  became  its  Corresponding  Secretary.  She  was 
soon  made  President,  then  State  Corresponding  Secretary  and  from  that 
time  on  has  held  various  offices  in  the  State  Union,  proving  herself  in 
every  sense  a  leader.  She  was  appointed  Assistant  Recording  Secretary 
of  the  National  at  the  Cleveland  Convention. 

With  great  personal  attractions  Mrs.  Beauchamp  unites  a  self-reliant 
nature  and  a  pronounced  aptitude  for  affairs,  but  as  one  who  knows  her 
well  says,  "The  one  word  which  best  characterizes  her  is  loyalty  ;  loyalty 
to  her  dear  old  father  who  first  taught  her  a  larger  liberty  for  women,  loy- 
alty to  her  husband  whose  wise  counsel  is  ever  at  her  service,  loyalty  to 
her  home,  her  friends,  her  church,  her  Sunday-school,  and  loyalty  to 
the  W.  C.  T.  U." 


HELEN  M.  BARKER. 
Treasurer. 

Mrs.  Helen  Morton  Barker  is  a  woman  of  marked  individuality  and 
of  pronounced  ability  along  so  many  varying  lines  that  her  character 
may  well  be  called  symmetrical.  She  is  of  good  New  England  parent- 
age and  was  born  in  northern  New  York.  Her  father  was  a  physician 
and  scientist ;  her  mother  a  teacher,  and  both  were  radical  temperance 
reformers.  Mrs.  Barker's  Academic  course  was  taken  at  Gouverneur 
Wesleyan  Seminary,  and,  after  her  graduation,  she  was  for  several  years 
principal  of  one  of  the  graded  schools  of  Oswego.  After  her  marriage 
to  Rev.  M.  Barker  she  entered  earnestly  into  church  work,  and  was  for 
eight  years  secretary  of  Foreign  Mission  work  in  western  New  York. 
It  was  in  this  field  that  her  remarkable  ability  for  platform  speaking 
first  made  itself  manifest.  When  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  was  born  into  its  won- 
derful life  Mrs.  Barker  heard  in  it  the  divine  call  and  dedicated  herself 
to  its  upbuilding.  She  was  unanimously  elected  first  president  of  Alle- 
gany  County,  New  York,  and  devoted  herself  with  such  zeal  to  its 
thorough  organization  that  it  was  speedily  known  as  the  best  organized 
county  throughout  the  state,  and  Mrs.  Barker  was  made  State  Or- 
ganizer. 


MRS.  HELEN  M.  BARKER. 


GENERAL  OFFICERS.  25 

For  eight  years  she  was  President  of  Dakota  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and  during 
that  time  organized  hundreds  of  unions  and  visited  nearly  every  town 
in  that  great  territory.  The  Dakotas,  North,  and  South,  bear  witness 
to-day  to  her  splendid  toil.  She  was  Dakota's  representative  on  the 
Board  of  I/ady  Managers  for  the  Columbian  Exposition,  where  her  busi- 
ness ability  so  impressed  itself  upon  her  colleagues  that  she  was  called 
to  Mrs.  Palmer's  office  as  assistant  and  remained  there  for  two  years. 

At  the  Chicago  Convention  in  1893  she  was  made  National  Treasurer. 
Her  financial  showing  at  Cleveland  proved  the  choice  to  have  been  an 
inspired  one,  and  she  was  re-elected  with  enthusiasm. 

As  a  speaker  Mrs.  Barker  is  logical  and  persuasive,  with  a  keen  wit 
and  a  graceful,  gracious  bearing.  As  an  Executive  officer  her  ability  is 
of  the  highest  and  her  judgment  most  profound,  while  as  a  woman, 
whether  viewed  in  the  relation  of  wife,  mother,  friend,  or  comrade,  she 
is  unvaryingly  just  aud  kind,  with  a  broad  outlook  upon  humanity's 
needs  and  a  grasp  of  faith  upon  the  Infinite  which  makes  her  mighty, 
through  God,  to  meet  those  needs. 


MINNIE  B.   HORNING. 
Office  Secretary. 

Mrs.  Minnie  B.  Horning  is  the  only  daughter  of  Helen  M.  Barker, 
and  has  inherited  much  of  her  mother's  push  and  executive  ability.  A 
native  of  New  York,  she  graduated  from  Elmira  College  in  1880,  and  was 
awarded  the  highest  honors  of  her  class.  For  one  year  she  was  precep- 
tress of  the  Cuba,  New  York  graded  school.  In  1882  she  was  married  to 
Rev.  Frank  M.  Horning,  and  as  a  minister's  wife  showed  great  ability 
as  a  manager  of  organized  work.  As  State  Superintendent  of  Demorest 
Contests,  District  President,  and  State  Organizer  in  South  Dakota,  she 
became  familiar  with  all  lines  of  our  work.  At  Headquarters  she  is 
lovingly  spoken  of  as  our  Bureau  of  Information. 


26  THUMB   NAIL  SKETCHES. 

STATE  PRESIDENTS. 


.  /Bbartba  I/.  Spencer  has  recently  been  elected  for  the  fourth 
time  by  an  enthus  astic  and  unanimous  vote  President  of  the  Alabama 
W.  C.  T.  U.  The  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  Alabama  knew  what  they  were  about 
when  they  rose  as  one  woman  to  put  Mrs.  Spencer  at  the  head  of  their 
band  of  devoted  workers  again.  The  organization  has  progressed 
steadily  in  weight  of  influence,  increase  of  membership,  in  earnest- 
ness, and  in  spirituality  under  her  administration.  Mrs.  Spencer  was 
born  in  western  New  York.  In  1881  she  came  South,  adopting  Ala- 
bama as' her  home,  and  bestowing  on  that  state  the  inestimable  gift 
of  her  life's  best  work  in  the  cause  of  temperance.  She  entered  the 
W.  C.  T.  U.  work  in  1885,  during  the  State  Convention  in  Birmingham. 
In  1888  she  was  elected  state  corresponding  secretary,  and  in  1891  State 
president.  She  is  also  president  of  the  board  of  managers  of  the  Mercy 
Home,  under  the  auspices  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  Birmingham,  an  insti- 
tution which  is  one  of  the  most  patent  factors  for  good  in  that  city. 
She  comes  by  inheritance  to  her  work  as  temperance  reformer ;  her 
father,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Orleans  county  having  been  for  many 
years  prominent  in  the  old  and  influential  order  of  the  Sons  of  Temper- 
ance. Mrs.  Spencer  is  the  ideal  presi rl ing  o nicer  ;  firm,  gentle,  steady 
and  progressive,  her  dignity  and  grace  that  of  one  of  "ye  courtly 
dames  "  of  olden  times.  The  smile  with  which  she  meets  and  well-nigh 
dissolves  every  difficulty  of  a  convention  discussion  is  the  very  incarna- 
tion of  Southern  sunshine.  Her  annual  addresses  are  masterpieces  of 
their  kind,  concise,  clear-cut  and  elegant  in  style  ;  in  matter  full,  wide- 
reaching;  above  all,  rich  in  spirituality  and  replete  with  the  tenderness 
of  loving  kindness. 


.  3-Obn  (3.  JBra&E  of  Sitka,  is  W.  C.  T.  U.  President  of  Alaska 
White-ribboners  will  regret  that  the  sketch  solicited  by  the  editor  did 
not  reach  us  in  time  to  be  given  here. 


Tftate  Tbill  "CdatrOUS,  our  leader  in  Arizona,  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania  in  1838.  She  began  teaching  at  fourteen  and  continued 
to  teach  and  study  until  her  marriage,  in  1859,  to  Mr.  James  Watrous,  of 
Marshfield,  Pennsylvania.  A  few  years  after  they  removed  to  Illinois, 
which  state  was  their  home  for  nearly  twenty  years.  From  there  they 


STATE  PRESIDENTS.  27 

removed  to  their  present  home  in  Tempe,  Arizona.  Mrs.  Watrous  has 
been  a  devoted  Christian  temperance  worker  from  her  youth  up,  and 
for  six  years  has  been  closely  connected  with  white- ribbon  work. 


X.  Cbuntt,  the  recently  elected  President  of  Arkan- 
sas, was  born  1846  ;  is  descended  on  her  mother's  side  from  the  old 
Kentucky  family  of  Swans,  and  on  the  paternal  side  from  the  Hills  of 
New  York.  Her  birthplace,  Cotton  Plant,  Woodruff  County,  Arkansas, 
is  still  her  home.  She  was  educated  at  Mary  Sharp  College,  Win- 
chester, Tennessee.  An  early  marriage  with  its  consequent  home  duties 
gave  few  leisure  hours  for  the  cultivation  of  a  literary  taste  ;  but  amid 
the  varied  demands  of  home  and  social  life  much  reading  was  done, 
and  an  occasional  article  written  for  the  press.  Since  1886  Mrs.  Chunn 
has  been  a  zealous  worker  in  the  temperance  cause  and  an  ardent 
advocate  of  equal  suffrage.  She  has  been  for  the  past  four  years  re- 
cording and  financial  secretary  of  the  Knights  and  Ladies  of  Honor 
and  was  a  delegate  to  the  Grand  Lodge  in  May  1895.  She  is  also  cor- 
responding secretary  of  the  Equal  Suffrage  Association,  of  Arkansas. 


.  StUttevant  pect,  President  of  California,  is  a  native  of  Ver- 
mont, and  comes  of  an  ancestry  of  that  progressive  quality  which  made 
New  England's  sons  and  daughters  famous  in  history.  When  the  great 
reform  was  inaugurated  by  the  Crusade  Mrs.  Sturtevant  was  among  the 
first  to  enlist.  She  served  the  Vermont  W.  C.  T.  U.  as  secretary  and 
organizer  for  five  years.  Her  husband,  a  brilliant  young  lawyer,  hav- 
ing died  in  early  manhood  she  afterwards  married  Mr.  G.  W.  Peet  of 
California,  and  at  once  became  a  leader  of  W.  C.  T.  U.  work  in  her 
adopted  state.  She  was  for  six  years  President  of  Alameda  county, 
and  for  four  years  has  held  the  office  of  State  President,  a  position  for 
which  her  experience  and  natural  tact  admirably  qualifies  her.  Mrs. 
Peet  has  been  specially  successful  in  legislative  work  and  has  spent 
three  sessions  in  Sacramento  in  the  interests  of  W.  C.  T.  U.  measures. 


p.  Jobnson  JBllttOn,  of  South  California,  was  born 
in  Kirtland,  Ohio  of  New  England  parents.  When  a  child  they  came 
to  Peoria  county,  Illinois,  and  there  she  grew  to  womanhood.  She  was 
under  the  efficient  instruction  of  Mary  Allen  West  in  Galesburg,  and 
later  graduated  from  the  State  Normal  Training  School  at  Oswego,  New 


28  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 

York.  Always  good  disciplinarian,  she  was  for  some  years  a  capable 
teacher  in  the  graded  schools  of  Aurora,  and  for  five  years  principal  of 
a  large  ward  school  in  Bloomington,  Illinois.  In  1877  she  married  Rev. 
Charles  Button,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church.  Marquette,  Michigan,  and 
in  1880  moved  with  her  husband  to  Riverside,  California,  their  present 
home.  Soon  after  the  Crusade  she  became  interested  in  the  temperance 
cause  and  has  since  been  actively  engaged  in  the  work.  Mrs.  Button 
was  president  of  Southern  California  W.  C.  T.  U.  four  consecutive  years, 
and  was  again  elected  to  that  office  in  1894. 


JE.  CartlattD,  President  of  North  Carolina  W.  C.  T.  U.,  is  the 
daughter  of  Jonathan  and  Elizabeth  Cox,  and  a  descendant  through 
several  generations  of  good  old  Quaker  families  of  Virginia  and  Caro- 
lina. A  liberal  education  has  cultivated  and  enriched  her  fine  native 
ability.  Since  her  early  childhood,  all  her  powers  of  mind  and  soul 
have  been  consecrated  to  God,  and  her  influence  has  been  wide  and 
beneficent.  She  was  one  of  the  first  in  the  state  to  espouse  the  cause  of 
the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and  has  since  that  time  been  an  important  factor  in  all 
its  undertakings.  For  several  years  as  state  superintendent  of  the 
Juvenile  department,  Mrs.  Cartland  labored  unceasingly  to  gather 
the  little  ones  under  the  protecting  shield  of  the  Triple  Pledge.  As 
president  of  the  High  Point  union  during  a  period  of  eight  years,  she 
performed  valiant  service  for  the  cause  of  temperance  in  assisting  to  rid 
the  town  of  saloons.  She  is  faithful,  energetic,  prompt,  always  to  be 
depended  on  to  do  the  duty  assigned  her.  Gentle  and  winning  in  her 
manner,  immovable  where  principle  is  at  stake,  determined  and  cour- 
ageous in  the  execution  of  plans  of  work,  she  is  eminently  fitted  to  lead 
her  sisters  in  their  peaceful  war  for  God  and  Home  and  Humanity. 


/R.  J.  ©'Connetl  is  President  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  No.  2  (col- 
ored) of  North  Carolina.  She  is  a  graduate  from  college,  and  her 
husband,  a  man  of  rare  eloquence,  is  pastor  of  the  M.  E.  church  in 
Greensboro.  White-ribboners  will  regret  with  us  that  a  fuller  sketch  of 
this  faithful  worker  did  not  reach  us  in  time  to  be  published  here. 


.  SalliC  $.  Cbaptn,  who  has  been  President  of  the  South  Car- 
olina W.  C.  T.  U.  ever  since  its  organization  in  1880,  was  born,  and 
reared  in  Charleston,  the  city  in  which  her  ancestors  (who  were  Hugue- 


STATE  PRESIDENTS.  29 

nots)  came  after  the  revocation  of  the  "Edict  of  Nantes."  She  is 
highly  educated,  and  a  most  brilliant  conversationalist,  and  her  home 
before  the  war  was  one  of  elegance  and  refinement.  Her  name  has 
long  been  a  household  word  in  the  South,  known  and  loved  through 
her  writings,  and  in  her  own  state,  through  her  active  leadership  in 
patriotic,  and  philanthropic  work.  She  was  for  years  president  of  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  Auxiliary,  and  as  president  of  a  soldiers'  relief  society  she 
did  an  untiring  work  during  the  war. 

Mrs.  Chapin  joined  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  in  1880,  and  was  immediately 
elected  by  the  delegates  from  the  fifteen  Southern  States,  as  Superin- 
tendent of  Southern  work.  She  has  organized  hundreds  of  unions, 
both  white  and  colored,  innumerable  Bauds  of  Hope,  and  in  young 
men's  colleges,  some  most  successful  White  Cross  societies.  She 
is  now  experiencing  the  sad  results  of  her  heroic  pioneer  work,  her 
health  having  entirely  broken  down.  The  last  State  Convention,  how- 
ever, refused  even  to  consider  her  resignation  and  "  Mrs.  Chapin,  sick  or 
well,  as  long  as  she  lives,"  was  unanimously  elected  president  for  the 
fifteenth  time.  To  Mrs.  Chapin  belongs  the  honor  of  first  suggesting, 
and  untiringly  urging  through  legislature  and  press,  the  building  of  the 
Industrial  School  for  girls,  soon  to  be  dedicated.  The  Scientific  Tem- 
perance Bill  passed  through  her  efforts,  and  the  pen  with  which  the 
Governor  signed  it,  and  presented  to  Mrs.  Chapin,  was  sent  by  her  to 
Mrs.  Hunt.  To  Mrs.  Chapin  more  than  to  any  other  individual  in  the 
state,  belongs  the  honor  of  bringing  about  the  strong  temperance  sen- 
timent which  has  closed  all  "licensed  barrooms,  and  which  she  thinks 
will  result  in  prohibition. 


C.  IMggfnS,  President  of  Colorado  W.  C.  T.  U.,  was 
born  at  Zanesville,  Ohio,  1850,  of  Puritan  parents.  When  she  was 
thirteen  years  of  age,  the  family  moved  to  Michigan.  She  was  edu- 
cated at  Albion  College,  and  for  five  years  before  her  marriage  was  a 
successful  teacher.  The  last  fourteen  years  have  been  spent  in  Colo- 
rado, where  with  improved  health,  Mrs.  Hig°;ins  has  worked  in  church 
and  educational  interests,  as  well  as  in  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  For  two  years 
she  was  principal  of  the  public  schools  of  La  Veta,  for  eight  years  super- 
intendent of  a  Sabbath-school,  and  at  the  same  time  president  of  the 
southern  district  W.  C.  T.  U.  She  is  a  pleasing  speaker  and  has  done 
much  for  the  cause  of  womanhood  in  Colorado,  having  traveled  through 
valleys  and  over  mountains,  spreading  the  gospel  of  temperance  and 
banding  women  together  in  the  white-ribbon  cause.  Her  husband  and 


30  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 

daughter  aid  her  in  all  good  work.  Mrs.  Higgins  has  been  a  member  of 
the  M;thodist  church  since  fourteen  years  of  age,  and  comes  of  a  family 
that  has  given  many  ministers  and  educators  to  this  branch  of  the 
church. 


.  ComCtia  JB.  tfOrbeS,  of  Hartford,  Connecticut,  is  a  typical 
New  England  wo.nau  of  excellent  education  and  opportunities.  She 
has  held  the  office  of  President  of  the  State  W.  C.  T.  U.  for  eleven 
years.  Mrs.  Forbes  is  the  wife  of  a  Congregational  minister  who  was  at 
one  time  the  Prohibition  party's  candidate  for  Governor.  To  say  this 
is  to  make  it  apparent  to  those  who  read  between  the  lines  that  this 
devoted  pair  of  temperance  workers  have  the  courage  of  their  convic- 
tions. They  have  borne  the  heat  and  burden  of  the  day  and  rank 
among  the  martyrs  of  the  period,  but  they  look  exceedingly  unlike 
martyrs,  being  cheery,  tranquil  and  as  hard  at  work  as  ever.  Mrs. 
Forbes  made  a  strong  impression  on  the  National  Convention  at  the 
beginning,  and  in  her  character  of  Sergeant-at-arms,  shows  what  a 
womanly  woman  of  vigorous  physique,  deep,  strong  voice  and  indom- 
itable personality,  can  do  in  an  unusual  position  which  she  neither 
sought  nor  desired,  but  accepted  as  a  soldier  does  sentry  duty  and  a 
picket-post.  Under  her  leadership  Connecticut  has  done  most  excel- 
lent temperance  work. 


SHjabetb  Preston,  President  of  North  Dakota  is  a  native 
of  the  Hoosier  State,  anl  the  only  daughter  of  a  Methodist  minister, 
Rev.  B.  S.  Preston,  who,  for  many  years,  did  valiant  service  in  this 
state  and  in  Minnesota.  She  commenced  teaching  in  her  fifteenth 
year  and  varied  teaching  with  attending  school  until  she  entered  the 
temperance  work  six  years  ago,  receiving  her  education  at  the  Ft. 
Wayne  College,  De  Piuw  University  and  the  University  of  Minnesota 
For  four  }rears  she  was  State  W.  C.  T.  U.  Organizer  and  Evangelist,  and 
in  1893  was  elected  standard  bearer  for  the  brave  and  loyal  white-ribbon 
army  of  North  Dakota.  She  has  done  most  excellent  work,  giving  all 
her  time  and  talent  to  the  cause.  To  her  tact  and  untiring  energy 
through  the  last  two  legislatures  the  people  of  the  state  are  largely 
indebted  for  their  prohibitory  law. 


21.  Cranmer,  President  of  South  Dakota  W.  C.  T.  U., 
is  one  of  our  mast  successful  workers.     The  state  union  ga'ned  twenty- 


STATE  PRESIDENTS.  3! 

five  per  cent  in  its  membership  last  year  under  her  leadership.  Her 
native  state  is  Wisconsin.  The  early  years  of  her  life  were  spent  in 
Ohio,  and  when  six  years  of  age  she  came  with  her  parents,  to  Iowa ; 
attended  Cornell  College,  Iowa,  for  a  number  of  years  and  was  a  suc- 
cessful teacher.  She  is  the  wife  of  Hon.  S.  H.  Cranmer,  an  attorney  of 
Aberdeen,  where  they  reside.  She  is  an  ardent  suffragist,  having  been 
at  one  time  President  of  the  South  Dakota  Equal  Suffrage  Association. 
Mrs.  Cranmer  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church,  womanly  in  all  her 
work  and  utterances  and  a  strength  to  the  cause  of  equality  and  tem- 
perance wherever  she  goes.  She  has  written  prose  and  poetry  and  is 
especially  at  home  upon  the  platform,  having  lectured  in  various  states 
with  great  success.  She  addressed  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  Convention 
at  Cleveland,  and  the  National  Council  of  Women  at  Washington. 


Margaret  S.  f>UleS  was  elected  President  of  Delaware  in 
1887,  and  was  the  youngest  member  of  the  National  Executive  Commit- 
tee. Her  father,  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends  and  a  man  of 
wealth  and  culture,  was  one  of  the  noblest  Christian  men  who  ever 
lived.  In  his  daughter  his  own  devoted  spirit  lives  again,  and  the  im- 
pulses which  drew  her  into  white-ribbon  work  were,  to  use  her  own 
expression,  "a  birthright."  Her  official  relations  to  the  organization 
have  been  local  president,  state  superintendent  of  Young  Woman's 
Work,  superintendent  of  Scientific  Temperance  Instruction,  recording 
secretary,  and  lastly  state  president.  Her  personal  associations  with 
our  great  leaders,  especially  with  our  beloved  "Chieftain,"  have,  Miss 
Hilles  declares,  proved  a  liberal  education  and  a  constant  inspiration  to 
her  during  all  these  years  of  labor  in  a  cause  which  she  "  holds  most 
sacred." 


J£.  (3ri(fltb,  President  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  is  a 
native  of  Ohio  and  was  among  the  leaders  of  the  Crusade  bands  in  the 
•winter  of  1873—74.  She  was  married  at  nineteen  to  Mr.  A.  T.  Griffith, 
a  teacher  by  profession,  and  much  of  her  life  has  been  spent  in  college 
towns.  .She  was  state  organizer  of  Juvenile  work  in  Ohio,  and  remov- 
ing to  Illinois  was  for  many  years  Superintendent  of  Evangelistic  work 
in  that  state.  During  the  Prohibitory  Amendment  campaign  she  gave 
five  months'  time  to  lecturing  in  Kansas.  She  was  then  elected  gen- 
eral organizer  of  the  Woman's  Home  Missionary  Society,  and  spent  five 
years  traveling  in  the  interests  of  that  organization.  Having  removed 


32  THUMB  NAII,  SKETCHES. 

to  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  Mrs.  Griffith  was  in  1893  made 
president  of  the  District.  As  a  public  speaker  she  takes  high  rank, 
possesses  marked  power  as  a  Bible  teacher  and  is  withal  a  woman  of 
superior  executive  ability. 


.  j£i.  21.  fjlllf  Florida's  leader,  is  essentially  a  Western  woman. 
Though  her  birthplace  was  New  York,  she  emigrated  to  Illinois  in 
early  childhood,  and  from  the  broad  free  prairies  of  the  West  acquired 
a  wide  range  of  vision — a  broad  outlook  regarding  men  and  things. 
Her  friends  are  accustomed  to  speak  of  her  as  "an  all-around  woman." 
For  twenty-five  years  a  resident  of  the  sunny  South,  she  has  devoted 
time,  means  and  talent  to  the  upbuilding  of  temperance  and  other  re- 
forms. As  state  superintendent  of  Press  work,  as  editor  of  the  state 
paper,  and  as  president  of  the  State  W.  C.  T.  U.,  she  has  served  the 
white-ribbon  cause  with  a  wisdom  and  faithfulness  that  has  gained  for 
it  and  for  herself  an  increasing  power  for  good.  It  is  safe  to  say  that 
the  more  tolerant  spirit  toward  the  reforms  of  the  age,  and  the  advanced 
public  sentiment  which  have  become  noticeable  in  Florida  during  the 
past  few  years,  are  largely  due  to  her  efforts  along  the  line  of  Christian 
temperance. 


.  W.  C.  Stble£  has  been  President  of  the  Georgia  W.  C.  T.  U. 
since  Miss  Willard  founded  it  in  1881.  She  is  the  daughter  of  the  dis- 
tinguished Judge  Thomas,  of  Columbus,  Georgia,  and  wife  of  W.  C.  Sib- 
ley,  President  of  Sibley  Cotton  Mills,  one  of  the  largest  manufactories 
in  the  South.  From  her  elegant  home  where  she  is  surrounded  by 
charming  sons  and  daughters,  she  goes  forth  with  her  husband's  hearty 
indorsement,  speaking  (Presbyterian  though  she  is)  to  her  Christian 
sisters,  "that  they  go  forward."  Her  first  work  for  the  W.  C.  T.  U. 
was  done  as  president  of  the  local  union  of  the  aristocratic  old  city  of 
Augusta.  At  the  Atlanta  Convention  this  sweet-natured  lady  stood 
before  a  great  audience,  all  unused  to  public  speaking  as  she  was,  and 
said  :  "Dear  friends,  I  tell  you  truly  if  there  were  not  another  to  stand 
between  the  dram-shops  of  Georgia  and  its  homes,  so  dearly  do  I  love 
this  temperance  cause,  /  would  stand  there  all  alone." 


SWift  "Ring,  President  of  Georgia  Union  No.  2 
(colored),  was  born  at  Athens,  Georgia,  where  she  attended  school  for 
Freedmen,  taught  by  Northern  teachers.  She  graduated  from  Atlanta 


MRS.  LOUISE  S.  ROUNDS. 


STATE  PRESIDENTS.  33 

University  in  1874,  and  was  principal  of  large  schools  at  Athens  and  at 
Augusta,  Georgia.  She  married  in  1881  Mr.  W.  W.  King,  a  bridge  con- 
tractor, the  union  being  blest  with  a  sou  and  daughter.  In  1885  she 
was  elected  recording  secretary  of  the  first  W.  C.  T.  U.  in  the  state  of 
Georgia  which  admitted  colored  women  as  members  ;  afterwards  presi- 
dent of  the  Fulton  County  W.  C.  T.  U.  During  her  three  years  as  state 
president,  Mrs.  King  has  organized  many  local  unions,  and  in  speaking 
and  lecturing  has  reached  an  average  of  five  thousand  people  annually. 


.  TRebeCCa  flfcftCbell,  fourth  President  of  the  Idaho  W.  C.  T.  U., 
is  an  Illinois  woman.  Brought  up  by  Christian  parents  she  was  early 
led  to  Christ,  and  was  a  member  of  the  class  of  '82,  of  the  Baptist  Mis- 
sionary Training  School,  Chicago.  The  needs  of  the  great  West  stirred 
her  heart,  and  without  any  knowledge  as  to  her  field  of  work,  she 
reached  Idaho  Falls  in  June,  1882,  working  as  a  self-supporting  mission- 
ary. She  organized  the  first  Baptist  Sunday-school  in  eastern  Idaho, 
the  first  Band  of  Hope  in  the  territory  and  has  since  given  her  whole 
time  to  missionary  and  temperance  work.  She  was  first  president  of  the 
local  union  in  her  town,  and  is  now  serving  the  State  W.  C.  T.  U.  the 
fourth  year  as  organizer  and  second  year  as  president,  with  the  double 
duties  of  superintendent  of  Evangelistic  and  Legislative  work  added. 
Mrs.  Mitchell  works  on  in  a  difficult  field  with  unflinching  self-sacrifice 
faith  unwavering,  sowing  beside  all  waters  with  a  zeal  that  knows  no 
failure. 


.  XOUiSC  5t  TROUn&S,  of  Illinois,  is  of  New  England  parent- 
age, being  a  lineal  descendant  of  John  Alden,  of  the  Mayflower  She 
spent  some  nine  years  in  New  York  as  a  teacher,  but  has  been  a  resident 
of  Chicago  for  the  last  thirty  years.  She  entered  the  temperance  work 
with  the  first  sound  of  the  crusade  bells,  and  has  continued  in  it,  bring- 
ing to  the  cause  she  loves  the  full  force  of  her  dauntless  spirit  and 
untiring  energy.  For  several  years  she  was  secretary  of  the  Central 
Union  of  that  city,  and  had  charge  of  its  gospel  meetings,  which  at 
one  time  numbered  thirteen  a  week.  Her  husband  died  in  New  York  in 
1883.  She  was  called  back  to  Illinois  by  the  State  Executive  Committee 
of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and  was  elected  state  evangelist,  entering  at  once 
on  her  new  duties.  In  1886  she  became  state  president,  an  office  to 
which  she  has  been  annually  re-elected  since,  by  an  enthusiastic  follow- 
ing of  loyal  women,  and  in  1895  she  was  sent  to  represent  her  state 


34  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 

in  the  World's  W.  C.  T.  U.  Convention  in  London,  England.  As  a 
speaker,  she  is  earnest,  logical  and  eloquent,  and  thoroughly  uncom- 
promising in  her  expression  of  hostility  to  the  liquor  traffic. 


.  Margaret  Xena  SDams  !©ecft,  President  of  the  w.  c.  T.  u. 

of  Indiana,  was  born  near  Bloomington,  Monroe  County,  Indiana,  in 
1856,  and  her  childhood  was  that  of  a  healthy,  happy,  country  girl.  At 
suitable  age  she  was  prepared  for  college  in  the  public  schools  of 
Bloomington,  entered  the  University  of  Indiana  in  1872,  and  credit- 
ably completed  the  college  classical  curriculum  in  1876.  Contrary  to 
custom  among  "  sweet  girl  graduates  "—in  that  day  at  least — she  chose 
as  her  graduation  exercise  an  oration  rather  than  an  essay — on  the 
subject  "  What  Woman  May  Do."  After  leaving  college  she  taught  in 
the  public  schools  of  the  city  until  1878,  when  she  was  married  to  James 
K.  Beck,  then  superintendent  of  schools  in  Bloomington,  and  until 
recently  associate  professor  of  Latin  in  the  University  of  Indiana. 

Mrs.  Beck  when  but  a  school-girl  caught  the  crusade  spirit  and  early 
took  her  p'ace  with  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  Indiana,  serving  it  in  various 
capacities  until  1891,  when  she  was  called  to  the  presidency.  With  her 
husband  and  five  children  Mrs.  Beck  has  a  pleasant  and  happy  home, 
and  is  universally  loved  and  respected  by  all  who  know  her. 


IRatCliff ,  of  Vinita,  Indian  Territory,  who  succeeds  Mrs. 
Stapler,  as  President  of  the  Territorial  W.  C.  T.  U.,  is  a  Cherokee 
woman  of  influence  and  ability.  She  is  of  Presbyterian  faith,  zealous 
in  church  and  Sunday-school  work,  and  like  many  of  our  leaders,  was 
for  some  years  a  teacher.  In  early  womanhood  she  was  married  to 
Edgar  N.  Ratcliff,  of  Texas,  and  is  the  mother  of  five  children.  Mrs. 
Ratcliff  thoroughly  appreciates  the  sentiment  expressed  by  Lady  Henry 
Somerset:  "She  loves  home  most  who  knows  best  the  dangers  that 
lie  outside."  About  four  years  ago  she  united  with  the  W.  C.  T.  U. 
and  since  that  time  has  been  a  loval  and  efficient  worker. 


t>.  Dunbam,  Burlington,  President  of  Iowa,  is  a  na- 
tive of  Ohio.  She  was  a  school  teacher  for  many  years,  six  of  them  in 
the  public  schools  of  Chicago,  leaving  there  to  marry  C.  A.  Dunham,  an 
architect  of  Burlington,  Iowa,  which  city  has  since  been  her  home. 
She  began  active  temperance  work  in  1877,  served  as  county  and  district 


STATE  PRESIDENTS.  35 

president,  and  in  1884  was  elected  state  superintendent  of  Scientific 
Temperance  Instruction,  securing  the  passage  of  the  desired  law  in  her 
second  year  of  office.  When  the  disaffection  of  the  Iowa  union  began 
she  remained  firm  and  true  to  the  National  and  its  policy,  and  on  the 
secession  of  the  old  union  was  elected  to  the  presidency,  and  is  now 
serving  her  fifth  year.  Both  she  arid  her  husband  are  identified  with  the 
Prohibition  party  and  she  has  served  as  candidate  on  the  state  ticket 
several  times.  Mrs.  Dunham  is  a  woman  of  chain-lightning  celerity  of 
mind  and  action,  a  leader  well  fitted  to  the  difficult  emergency  of  our 
work  in  that  state. 


.  Xureitda  JBevetlg  Smitb,  President  of  Kansas,  was  born  in 
New  York,  in  1844.  A  year  later  her  parents  settled  in  one  of  the  now 
suburban  towns  of  Chicago,  and  she  received  her  education  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  Cook  county,  Illinois.  Later  she  attended  a  private  school 
in  Boston  for  two  years,  and  in  1862  was  married  to  Lieut.  Malcolm  F. 
Smith,  of  Cleveland.  They  removed  to  Kansas  in  1868.  Mrs.  Smith 
has  been  a  member  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  eighteen  years.  Her  help  was 
given  in  securing  the  Prohibitory  Amendment,  and  later,  the  Scientific 
Temperance  Instruction  Law,  and  also  in  raising  funds  for  the  support 
of  the  "  Industrial  School  for  Girls,"  which  was  started  by  the  W.  C.  T. 
U.,  and  afterwards  became  a  state  institution.  She  did  effective  work  as 
state  superintendent  of  work  among  colored  people  for  two  years,  served 
seven  years  as  president  of  the  Second  District,  and  since  1893,  as  state 
president. 


flfcr.0.  dlbatgaret  Bn&er.00n  WattS,  President  of  Kentucky,  is  the 
wife  of  Robert  Augustine  Watts,  one  of  the  most  estimable  citizens  of 
the  state.  She  is  the  daughter  of  Hon.  S.  H.  Anderson,  a  lawyer  and 
orator  of  distinction,  who  died  while  a  member  of  Congress.  On  the 
maternal  side  she  is  the  granddaughter  of  Judge  William  Owsley,  the 
fourteenth  governor  of  Kentucky.  Her  ancestor,  the  Rev.  John  Owsley, 
was  in  the  seventeenth  century  rector  of  the  Glouston  Church  of  Leices- 
tershire, England,  for  fifty  years.  She  comes  from  an  educated  and 
talented  stock  and  ample  means  gave  her  fine  educational  advantages. 
Mrs.  Watts  is  a  deep  thinker  on  all  advanced  topics  of  the  day  and  her 
views  have  been  published  in  various  papers.  She  was  one  of  the  first 
women  of  Kentucky  who  dared  to  advocate  higher  education  and  the 
ballot  for  women.  She  has  been  an  active  member  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U. 
for  many  years  ;  has  held  the  offices  of  National  superintendent  of 


36  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 

Police  Matron  work  ;  state  superintendent  of  Scientific  Temperance 
Instruction ;  state  corresponding  secretary  and  state  president,  in 
each  proving  herself  a  faithful  and  efficient  worker.  Mrs.  Watts  was 
a  member  of  the  Woman's  Auxiliary  Board  of  the  Parliament  of  Relig- 
ions in  1893,  and  she  is  a  charter  member  of  the  Woman's  Club  of 
her  city,  which  club  holds  a  prominent  place  in  the  Federation  of  Clubs. 


OOODalC,  President  of  the  Louisiana  W.  C.  T.  U., 
is  the  wife  of  Prof.  Wilmot  H.  Goodale,  of  Louisiana  State  University. 
Her  mother,  Mrs.  Mary  W.  Read,  one  of  Louisiana's  foremost  educators, 
came  from  Wilbraham  Seminary,  Massachusetts,  about  1835,  to  estab- 
lish a  girls'  boarding  school  in  Baton  Rouge,  where  she  taught  for  fifty 
years.  Mrs.  Goodale's  connection  with  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  began  about 
the  time  of  the  Detroit  Convention,  in  1883,  and  since  that  time  she  has 
attended  every  National  convention  and  two  World's  conventions.  She 
has  served  the  state  in  many  official  capacities  and  as  National  Organ- 
izer has  traveled  through  the  entire  South.  Mrs.  Goodale  is  one  of  the 
surprises  of  this  new  crusade.  A  few  years  ago  a  quiet,  retiring  woman, 
frightened  at  the  sound  of  her  own  voice  when  that  voice  was  heard  by 
a  dozen  auditors ;  now  going  from  state  to  state  addressing  the  largest 
audiences  and  thrilling  them  through  and  through.  Nor  has  her  public 
work  detracted  one  iota  from  her  sweet  womanliness,  as  all  who  have 
enjoyed  the  hospitality  of  her  beautiful  home  at  Baton  Rouge  can 
testify. 


.  1.  /R.  "K.  SteVCltS  is  President  of  Maine,  also  Vice-President 
of  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.     For  sketch  see  page  20. 


.  /fcan>  tbadlup,  Maryland's  President,  succeeded  Mrs.  Baldwin, 
who  served  the  union  so  long  and  faithfully,  in  1894,  after  having  be- 
come well  known  in  the  state  as  Organizer,  and  as  one  of  its  vice-presi- 
dents. She  is  the  widow  of  a  minister  ;  a  woman  of  rare  spiritual  mind 
and  of  calm,  even  temperament ;  logical,  unusually  clear  and  direct  in 
perception  and  expression,  untiring  in  her  devotion  to  duty,  of  which 
her  standard  is  the  highest,  and  most  admirably  adapted  to  the  position 
to  which  her  co-workers  have  called  her.  Maryland  has  been  truly  fort- 
unate in  her  presidents.  Mrs.  Mary  Whitall  Thomas,  the  revered  and 
beloved  sister  of  Hannah  Whitall  Smith,  Mrs.  Baldwin,  and  now  Mrs. 
Haslup. 


MRS.  SUSAN  S.  FESSENDEN. 


STATE  PRESIDENTS.  37 


.  Susan  S.  JfeSSenfcen,  of  Boston,  is  a  progressive  thinker 
upoii  all  lines  of  reform.  She  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  but  has  re- 
sided in  the  East  for  the  last  ten  years,  with  the  exception  of  three 
years  spent  abroad.  She  has  served  as  National  Superintendent  of  the 
department  of  Franchise,  and  in  1890  was  elected  President  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Union.  She  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  scholarly  and 
statesmanlike  speakers  that  the  white-ribbon  movement  has  produced. 
It  is  her  good  fortune  to  have  something  to  say  and  to  say  it  with  clear- 
ness and  conviction,  wit  and  wisdom.  Mrs.  Fessenden  has  wonderful 
intellectual  balance,  combined  with  the  most  winning  and  womanly 
grace,  and  delights  both  the  masculine  and  feminine  auditors  in  any 
assembly  of  educated  people. 

8 


/Bits.  21.  S,  JBenjatnittf  of  Michigan,  is  one  of  our  strongest  women, 
and  as  a  parliamentarian  has  made  for  herself  a  unique  place  in  the 
National  W.  C.  T.  U.  She  is  a  graduate  of  Oberlin  College  and  a  teacher 
of  high  standing.  As  president  of  the  Fifth  Congressional  District  of 
Michigan,  which  position  she  has  filled  for  sixteen  consecutive  years, 
she  first  gave  evidence  of  her  strength  as  a  white-ribbon  leader — having 
worked  up  that  district  so  successfully  that  it  is  better  systematized  and 
equipped  than  many  a  state  union  we  could  mention.  She  has  been 
National  Superintendent  of  Parliamentary  Usage  eight  years,  of  Schools 
of  Methods  two  years,  and  since  the  death  of  Mrs.  Lathrap,  presi- 
dent of  the  state.  Mrs.  Benjamin  is  a  gifted  speaker  and  has  lectured 
on  various  lines  of  the  temperance  reform  in  many  states.  Her  par- 
liamentary drills  given  at  Chautauqua  and  other  summer  assemblies  are 
full  of  interest  and  instruction,  brightened  by  her  own  exhaustless  hu- 
mor, and  she  is  in  great  demand  at  conventions  and  summer  assemblies. 
It  is  no  easy  task  to  fill  the  place  occupied  by  our  "  Daniel  Webster" 
for  so  long,  but  in  calling  Mrs.  Benjamin  to  its  presidency  Michigan 
W.  C.  T.  U.  has  chosen  wisely  and  well. 


jflfcr.0.  Susanna  to.  D.  JFrg,  whom  Minnesota  W.  C.  T.  U.  has  re- 
cently called  to  the  Presidency,  was  reared  on  a  farm  in  Ohio,  graduated 
from  the  Western  Female  Seminary  at  Oxford,  and  was  a  teacher  in  the 
grammar  and  high  schools  of  the  state.  In  1868  she  was  married  to 
Rev.  James  D.  Fry,  a  graduate  of  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  and 
later  spent  two  years  in  European  travel,  becoming  a  regular  corre- 
spondent for  several  papers  and  a  contributor  to  various  literary  period- 


38  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 

icals.  In  1876  she  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  Belles-lettres  in  the 
Illinois  University,  which  position  she  occupied  until  1890.  In  1878  she 
received  from  the  Ohio  University  the  degree  of  A.  M.  and  later  from 
the  Syracuse  University  that  of  Ph.  D.  After  removing  to  St.  Paul  she 
became  connected  with  the  State  University  of  Minnesota,  and  in  1893 
was  elected  a  judge  in  the  Liberal  Arts  department  of  the  Columbian  Ex- 
position. Mrs.  Fry  early  identified  herself  with  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  move- 
ment, and  in  1879,  when  the  home  protection  petition  was  presented  to 
the  legislature  of  Illinois  was  one  of  the  spokeswomen  of  the  committee. 
She  has  been  president  of  a  number  of  important  organizations  and  has 
made  many  addresses  before  various  conferences  on  moral,  educational 
and  temperance  topics. 


Clara  C.  f)0ffman  is  Missouri's  white-ribbon  leader.     For 
sketch  see  page  23. 


.  TLavinia  S.  /IbOlint,  President  of  Mississippi,  was  born  in 
Vicksburg.  She  is  a  direct  descendent  of  Richard  Stockton,  one  of  the 
signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  Anni*  Boudinot,  of 
Huguenot  lineage.  Her  father,  Marmaduke  Shannon,  played  a  promi- 
nent part  in  overthrowing  the  lawlessness  which  characterized  the  early 
days  of  Vicksburg.  Mrs.  Mount's  career,  though  quiet,  as  accords  with 
the  modesty  of  her  character,  is  worthy  of  her  blood.  Her  first  tem- 
perance work  was  with  the  "  Friends  of  Temperance."  When  a  W.  C. 
T.  U.  was  organized  in  Vicksburg  in  1886,  she  was  elected  one  of  its  offi- 
cers. In  1887  she  became  state  recording  secretary  and  in  1888  state 
president.  Her  husband,  Thomas  Mount,  was  the  candidate  of  the 
Prohibition  party  for  Congress  from  his  district  in  the  last  election. 
He  is  in  full  accord  with  his  wife's  temperance  work  and  both  take 
an  advanced  position  on  the  "woman  question."  Both  are  members 
of  the  Methodist  Church  South,  and  active  church  workers. 


,  President  Montana  W.  C.  T.  U.,  was  born  and 
educated  in  Iowa.  She  taught  school  three  years  and  was  married  in 
1874  to  W.  W.  Wylie,  then  principal  of  school  at  Delhi,  Iowa.  In  1879 
they  removed  to  Montana,  Mr.  Wylie  taking  charge  of  the  schools  at 
Bozeman.  Mrs.  Wylie  knows  much  of  the  pioneer  life  of  the  far  West, 
and  before  the  days  of  railroads  in  Montana  has  many  times  traveled  by 
stage  five  hundred  miles  at  a  stretch  over  mountains  and  canons.  She 


STATE  PRESIDENTS.  39 

has  been  prominently  identified  with  the  temperance  work  in  that  state 
for  many  years,  was  delegate  to  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  Convention 
at  Boston  in  1891,  and  was  called  to  the  state  presidency  in  1894.  Mrs. 
Wylie  is  a  woman  of  energetic  spirit,  vigorous  physique  and  impressive 
manner  and  is  making  for  herself  a  praiseworthy  record  as  one  of  the 
newer  leaders  in  the  W.  C.  T.  U. 


.  S.  flb,  TJdalfcer'S  election  as  State  President  of  Nebraska  was 
in  the  line  of  "natural  evolution."  As  local  and  district  president  she 
displayed  those  qualities  of  leadership  which  inevitably  bring  promo- 
tion. Among  these  is  the  rare  gift  of  harmonizing  discordant  elements, 
which,  united  with  a  radical  aggressiveness  in  all  departments  of  W.  C. 
T.  U.  work  is  one  of  Mrs.  Walker's  chief  characteristics.  She  possesses 
power,  in  a  remarkable  degree,  to  draw  out  the  latent  talents  of  timid 
and  self-depreciating  workers.  President  for  many  years  of  Nebraska's 
famous  Fourth  District  and  vice-president  of  the  state  under  Mrs.  Hitch- 
cock, Mrs.  Walker  is  evidently  the  right  woman  in  the  right  place. 


.  TL\\CV  &•  Wan  2)CV>cnter,  President  of  the  Nevada  W.  C.T.  U., 
is  the  wife  of  Rev.  Dr.  E.  W.  Van  Deventer,  superintendent  of  the  Ne- 
vada mission  of  the  M.  E.  church.  She  is  a  native  of  Illinois,  gradu- 
ated from  Hedding  College,  and  was  a  white-ribbon  worker  in  Kansas 
during  the  great  victorious  struggle  for  constitutional  prohibition.  She 
was  state  president  of  Nevada  for  five  consecutive  years  and  is  now  serv- 
ing her  sixth  term,  being  again  elected  after  an  interim  of  two  years. 


C.  "R.  "OQen&ell,  New  Hampshire's  President,  was  born  in 
Dover,  New  Hampshire,  where  she  now  resides.  She  comes  from  an 
old  Dutch  family,  the  Wendells  being,  contemporary  with  the  Knicker- 
bocker families  of  New  York.  From  her  mother,  a  woman  of  remark- 
able strength  of  character,  she  inherited  a  love  for  benevolent  and 
reform  movements.  For  thirteen  years  she  was  corresponding  secretary 
of  the  New  Hampshire  W.  C.  T.  U.,  devoting  herself  with  untiring 
vigilance  to  the  advancement  of  the  organization,  and  in  1892  was 
elected  president  of  the  state.  Miss  Wendell  is  an  active  member  of 
several  philanthropic  societies,  a  thorough  believer  in  equal  suffrage, 
and  is  ready  to  aid  any  cause  that  has  for  its  object  the  upbuilding  of 
mankind. 


40  THUMB   NAIL  SKETCHES. 


.  Emma  JBOlirne,  President  of  the  New  Jersey  W.  C.  T.  U.  since 

1891,  was  born  in  Newark,  New  Jersey,  of  Scottish  Huguenot  ancestry; 
her  father  coming  in  boyhood  from  England  to  this  country.  Her 
mother  is  known  to  white-ribboners  as  "  Mother  Hill."  She  was  edu- 
cated at  the  Newark  Wesleyan  Institute,  receiving  also  a  diploma  from 
the  Newark  Normal  School  ;  taught  seven  years  ;  married  in  1868  and 
spent  four  years  abroad.  Mrs.  Bourne  was  for  seven  years  president 
of  the  first  W.  C.  T.  U.  organized  in  New  Jersey  at  Newark  and  has 
attended  all  the  National  Conventions.  Since  1874  sne  nas  served  in  the 
Newark  union  as  recording  secretary,  superintendent  of  L.  T.  L.,  Lit- 
erature and  the  Press  ;  was  recording  secretary  of  Essex  county  until 
elected  president  of  the  state  ;  crganized  New  Jersey's  department  of 
Literature,  and  was  its  recording  secretary  for  ten  years  previous  to  tak- 
ing her  present  office. 


for  five  years  President  of  New  Mexico 
W.  C.  T.  U.,  is  an  ordained  minister  of  the  Congregational  church,  an 
indefatigable  and  zealous  worker  in  every  good  cause.  She  wins  the 
heart  by  her  unswerving  loyalty  to  the  principles  of  right,  her  unselfish 
devotion  and  her  earnest,  pleading  eloquence  as  a  public  speaker.  Al- 
most her  entire  time  is  devoted  to  public  work.  A  Kentuckian  by 
birth,  in  early  childhood  Michigan  became  her  home  by  adoption.  Her 
family  consists  of  her  husband,  two  daughters  and  a  son,  all  devoted 
Christian  workers.  Mrs.  Bordeu  is  also  president  of  the  New  Mexico 
Orphans'  Home,  a  benevolent  institution  for  homeless  children  sus- 
tained by  territorial  appropriations.  During  the  last  legislative  assem- 
bly this  busy  woman  secured  the  passage  of  a  law  prohibiting  the  sale  of 
tobacco  in  any  form  to  minors  in  New  Mexico.  Thus  shall  the  children 
of  that  territory  rise  up  and  call  her  blessed. 


JSutt,  for  many  years  President  of  the  W.  C. 
T.  U.  of  New  York,  is  a  marked  figure  in  all  white-ribbon  circles.  She 
is  the  daughter  of  a  former  rector  of  the  Church  of  England  ;  was  born 
in  Ohio  ;  removed  to  Auburn,  New  York,  with  her  widowed  mother 
when  twelve  years  old  ;  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  in  the 
Auburn  Young  Ladies'  Institute  and  four  years  after  leaving  school 
was  married  to  Edward  Burt.  She  dates  her  awakening  to  the  world's 
needs  to  the  crusade  fire  of  1874,  which  swept  her  from  her  home  of 
ease  and  elegance  into  the  unceasing  round  of  toil  she  has  since 


MRS.  MARY  T.  HURT. 


STATE  PRESIDENTS.  41 

known.  She  was  one  of  the  secretaries  of  the  first  National  Council, 
and  later  became  National  corresponding  secretary.  Queenly  in  pres- 
ence, courtly  in  speech,  elegant  in  manners  in  private  life  as  well  as 
dignified  aud  inspiring  in  public,  Mrs.  Burt  is  well  fitted  to  lead  the 
more  than  twenty  thousand  women  of  the  great  Empire  State  whose 
motto  is  "Excelsior."  She  has  a  pleasant  home  in  upper  New  York 
City  with  her  husband  and  son  who  are  heartily  in  sympathy  with  her. 


.  fjentfetta  TL.  flbOttroe,  Ohio's  loved  and  honored  President, 
is  a  native  of  that  state,  one  of  the  original  crusaders,  and  c.  pioneer 
leader  in  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  Her  father  was  Zachariah  Riley,  a  lawyer 
and  a  gentleman  of  the  old  school ;  her  mother  was  granddaughter  of 
a  Revolutionary  Captain  in  Virginia  and  cousin  of  "Stonewall  "  Jack- 
son. Mrs.  Monroe  had  the  advantage  of  a  total  abstinence  training 
and  even  in  her  school  days  was  member  of  a  temperance  organization. 
In  1848  she  was  married  to  Mr.  James  B.  Monroe  of  Xenia,  a  cultured 
Christian  business  man  who  is  interested  equally  with  his  wife  in  all 
reform  work.  Reared  in  a  conservative  communion,  the  United  Pres- 
byterian, it  was  no  easy  matter  for  her  to  lead  a  crusade  procession  on 
the  streets,  but  the  movement  came  to  her  as  the  voice  of  God, 
enlisting  all  her  sympathies  and  developing  a  talent  for  leadership 
which  her  friends  quickly  recognized.  From  that  time  she  has  devoted 
her  life  to  W.  C.  T.  U.  work,  and  in  1886  was  called  to  the  state  presi- 
dency. Her  clear  judgment  and  resourceful  mind,  seconded  by  a 
corps  of  loyal  and  efficient  workers,  has  placed  Ohio  in  the  front  rank 
as  a  W.  C.  T.  U.  state.  Six  sons  and  daughters  have  blessed  her  home, 
which  has  been  an  ideal  one,  for  she  is  in  the  largest  sense  a  home- 
keeper.  Her  family  holds  a  leading  place  in  Xenia  in  every  particular. 
As  one  of  Mrs.  Monroe's  loyal  constituency  says  of  her  :  "  No  state  has 
greater  reason  to  be  proud  of  her  representative,  both  at  home  and 
in  the  National,  than  Ohio." 


f)Ull  Swit3er,  President  of  Oklahoma  Territory, 
is  a  native  of  Ohio.  She  graduated  from  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  Female 
Colege  in  1866;  went  with  her  parents  to  Nebraska  in  1870  and  there 
became  a  crusade  leader.  She  was  married  in  1876  to  Mr.  S.  W.  Switzer. 
Her  first  platform  work  was  done  in  iS8r  during  the  equal  suffrage 
amendment  campaign  in  that  state.  Both  Mr.  aud  Mrs.  Switzer  did 
valiant  service  for  the  cause  and  their  pleasant  home  in  Bloomington, 


42  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 

where  Mr.  Switzer  was  at  that  time  Register  of  the  Land  Office,  was 
always  open  to  the  workers  and  speakers.  When  defeat  came,  realizing 
that  it  was  largely  due  to  the  influence  of  the  liquor  power,  she  cast 
in  her  lot  with  its  most  powerful  foe,  and  since  that  time  has  been 
a  tireless  worker  in  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  first  in  Nebraska,  then  in  California, 
and  for  the  last  three  years  in  Oklahoma  where  she  is  a  pillar  of  strength 
to  the  work.  She  is  now  serving  her  second  term  as  president  of  the 
territory. 


.  VlarcfSSa  "CCLbitCsfJinnCB,  President  of  Oregon  W.  C.  T.  U., 
well  known  in  the  East  in  teachers'  institutes  and  temperance  circles  as 
Xarcissa  White,  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1886  she  was  sent  by 
the  National  Union  to  the  Pacific  coast  to  aid  in  securing  scientific 
temperance  and  prohibition  legislation,  and  two  years  later  returned  to 
Oregon  as  the  wire  of  Mr.  Kinney,  a  prominent  business  man  of  Astoria. 
For  four  years  she  has  been  the  general  secretary  of  the  state  Chau- 
tauqua  Association  and  for  one  year  editor  of  The  Chautauquan. 
Three  Chautauqua  assemblies  in  the  state  show  the  result  of  her  efforts. 
In  connection  with  the  president  of  the  State  University  and  the  state 
superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  she  is  one  of  the  directors  and 
founders  of  the  seaside  "Summer  School  for  Teachers."  Mrs.  Kinney 
is  a  very  impressive  public  speaker,  and  possesses  the  instincts  of  a  born 
leader.  WThat  has  been  Pennsylvania's  loss  is  Oregon's  gain. 


.  Hnna  Ob,  1R.  ILawtOn  "fcammer,  President  of  Pennsylvania,  is 
a  native  of  that  state,  born  in  Pottsville,  Schuylkill  county,  and  educated 
in  Wilkes-Barre  and  Philadelphia,  in  which  latter  city  she  was  married 
to  William  Alexander  Hammer,  in  1862.  She  comes  of  Revolutionary 
stock,  two  of  her  great-grandfathers  being  generals  in  the  army,  and 
her  great-grandfather  Lawton,  a  surgeon,  stationed  at  West  Point.  Her 
maternal  grandfather  was  an  officer  in  the  Navy  in  the  war  of  1812, 
and  was  wounded  in  the  engagement  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Shannon, 
under  Captain  Lawrence,  the  latter  Commander  being  a  cousin  on  the 
Lawton  side.  With  this  historic  record,  it  is  not  remarkable  that  Anna 
M.  Hammer  should  be  imbued  with  love  of  country  and  be  ready  for  act- 
ive warfare  against  this  foe  of  her  native  land,  the  liquor  traffic.  She 
has  been  in  the  work  twenty  years,  sixteen  of  which  she  has  been  a 
National  superintendent.  She  is  serving  her  third  term  as  president 
of  her  native  state,  and  is  committed  for  God  and  Home  and  Every 
Land. 


STATE;  PRESIDENTS.  43 

aDalitte  JBabCOCfc,  President  of  Rhode  Island,  gradu- 
ated from  the  public  school  and  began  teaching  at  seventeen  years  of 
age.  In  1860  she  entered  the  Female  Seminary  at  Troy,  New  York, 
founded  by  Mrs.  Emma  Willard,  from  which  institution  she  graduated 
in  1862,  sharing  with  one  other  the  highest  honors  of  a  large  class. 
Since  her  marriage  in  1866  to  Daniel  Babcock,  her  home  has  been  in 
Phoenix,  Rhode  Island,  and  she  has  been  closely  identified  with  the  edu- 
cational and  religious  interests  of  the  state.  In  the  summer  of  1883  she 
joined  the  local  W.  C.  T.  U.  and  soon  became  one  of  the  most  earnest  and 
enthusiastic  workers  of  the  state.  In  the  delicate  and  difficult  work  of 
the  Social  Puiity  department  of  her  state  she  has  proved  herself  a  leader 
of  rare  ability  and  discretion,  her  addresses  before  public  audiences  and 
before  the  legislature  always  being  attended  with  marked  results.  In 
1890  Mrs.  Babcock  was  made  state  president,  and  since  that  time  has 
given  herself  unreservedly  to  the  work,  always  loyally  carrying  out  the 
plans  of  the  National  Union,  never  grudging  time  or  strength  for  the 
advancement  of  our  cause,  and  always  an  example  of  unselfishness  and 
high  integrity. 


.  Xf&C  /RcriWCtber  has  for  the  past  ten  years  led  the  white- 
ribbon  host  in  Tennessee.  A  woman  of  rare  courage,  earnestness  of 
conviction,  catholicity  of  sympathies,  she  has  led  her  devoted  followers 
on  step  by  step,  until  now  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  Tennessee  stands  side  by 
side  with  the  National  on  all  Reading  issues.  Throughout  her  useful  life 
of  sixty-five  years  Mrs.  Meriwether  has  stood  as  the  staunch  friend  of 
woman,  her  most  salient  characteristic  being  absolute  fearlessness  where 
a  principle  is  involved.  Thirty  years  ago  she  put  forth  a  modest  volume 
entitled  "Soundings,"  which  was  a  simple,  earnest  plea  for  a  "white 
life  for  two,"  and  this  at  a  time  when  no  pure  woman,  in  the  South 
at  least,  dared  touch  the  social  question.  As  a  writer  of  both  prose 
and  poetry,  her  style  is  clear,  pointed  and  graceful,  and  as  a  platform 
speaker  her  chief  characteristics  are  a  resistless  logic  and  the  charm  of 
a  strong  magnetic  personality. 


"toClen  Ob.  StOD&arfc,  W.  C.  T.  U.  leader  in  Texas,  first  saw 
the  light  in  a  frontier  cabin  in  the  forests  of  Wisconsin.  Her  early  edu- 
cation was  gained  partly  in  the  little  country  schoolhouse,  partly  in  the 
big  "sitting  room  "  at  home.  Part  of  the  year  1860  was  spent  in  Ripon 
College,  preparatory  to  teaching  her  first  school.  Later  she  entered 


44  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 

Genesee  Wesleyan  Seminary,  at  Lima,  New  York,  and  in  1873  graduated 
with  valedictory  honors  in  a  large  class.  She  was  married  two  years 
after  to  Mr.  S.  D.  Stoddard,  of  New  York,  and  was  widowed  in  1878,  the 
mother  of  two  boys.  She  resumed  teaching  ;  resigning  her  last  position 
—  in  Fort  Worth  University  —  to  accept  the  presidency  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U, 
which  office  she  has  held  since  1891.  Mrs.  Stoddard  has  carried  the 
gospel  of  the  white-ribbon  to  the  remotest  corners  of  this  immense  state; 
was  instrumental  in  securing  the  Scientific  Temperance  Instruction  Law 
for  Texas  in  1893.  and  has  spent  the  winter  of  '95  at  the  capital  in  the 
interest  of  a  better  "Age  of  Consent"  law,  an  anti-tobacco  law,  and 
other  progressive  legislation.  She  is  delegate  from  her  state  to  the 
World's  Convention  in  London. 


.  O.  Id.  /fcartitt,  W.  C.  T.  U.  leader  in  Utah,  is  of  Ohio  birth,  but 
for  sixteen  years  has  lived  in  Manti,  Utah,  her  present  home.  Her  labors 
in  the  missionary  cause  revealed  to  her  the  need  of  temperance  work 
in  the  territory,  and  when  one  of  our  National  organizers,  Mrs.  Reese, 
visited  Utah,  Mrs.  Martin  becoming  convinced  that  W.  C.  T.  U.  meth- 
ods were  admirably  suited  to  the  conditions  of  the  territory,  took  up  its 
lines  of  work  with  alacrity,  and  ever  since  has  been,  in  the  face  of  great 
difficulties,  faithfully,  if  quietly,  pushing  forward  the  white-ribbon  gospel 
in  Utah. 


f  Da  1).  "Reafc,  President  of  Vermont  W.  C.  T.  U.,  was  born 
April  3,  1844,  in  Luzerne,  New  York,  where  her  early  childhood  was 
passed.  Her  wide  experience  as  a  teacher,  both  in  the  public  school 
and  Sabbath-school  greatly  aided  in  the  development  of  a  natural  gift 
of  keen  insight  into  character.  She  was  for  several  j-ears  actively  en- 
gaged in  the  Home  and  Foreign  Mission  work  of  the  Methodist  Episco- 
pal church.  Mrs.  Read  possesses  an  amiable  disposition,  sound  judg- 
ment and  great  executive  ability.  As  a  public  speaker  her  earnestness 
and  enthusiasm  charm  all  who  listen  to  her.  Her  manner  is  pleasing 
and  her  words  full  of  the  practical  truth  which  carries  conviction.  Her 
husband  and  daughter  are  in  full  sympathy  with  her  work  and  aid  her 
in  every  way  possible  in  her  service  for  God  and  humanity. 


.  "R.  f).  $ones,  of  Norfolk,  Virginia,  was  born  in  North  Caro- 
lina, in  1841.  Her  father  was  for  fifty  years  a  Methodist  minister,  and 
Mrs.  Jones  has  been  a  member  of  that  church  from  childhood.  She 


STATE  PRESIDENTS.  45 

was  made  President  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  Virginia,  in  1889,  and  manages 
to  fill  that  position  with  great  satisfaction  to  her  constituency  without 
neglecting  any  of  the  numerous  family  duties  which  fall  to  her  share. 
She  is  active  in  district  and  local  work  and  a  leader  in  church  and  mis- 
sionary organizations ;  is  president  of  the  Florence  Crittenton  Home, 
which  she  projected  ;  president  of  the  City  Orphan  Asylum  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  board  of  managers  of  the  Retreat  for  the  Sick.  In  fact  her 
life  is  one  round  of  consecrated  work  for  the  Master.  Six  years  ago 
too  timid  to  preside  at  her  first  convention,  Mrs.  Jones  is  to-day  making 
telling  speeches  for  temperance  throughout  her  state. 


.  1R.  1R.  C.  borrow  is  President  of  West  Virginia.  The  first 
thirteen  years  of  her  life  were  spent  at  the  place  of  her  birth  on  a  farm 
in  Hancock  county,  West  Virginia.  She  received  from  Presbyterian 
parents,  of  Scotch-Irish  lineage,  careful  religious  training,  and  united 
at  the  age  of  fifteen  with  the  Presbyterian  church ;  entered  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  New  Cumberland  as  teacher  when  sixteen  years  of  age, 
teaching  there  several  years  and  at  the  same  time  diligentty  pursu- 
ing a  course  of  study.  She  resigned  her  position  to  enter  Beaver  Col- 
lege, Pennsylvania,  from  which  institution  she  graduated  in  1880,  subse- 
quently receiving  the  honorary  degree  of  A.  M.  She  resumed  teaching 
and  in  1882  received  an  appointment  as  teacher  in  the  State  Normal 
School  of  Fairmont,  West  Virginia.  Five  of  the  nine  years  in  that 
school  she  was  assistant  principal,  the  ninth  year  principal.  She  re- 
signed to  spend  some  time  in  travel  abroad,  and  later  was  married  in 
New  York  city  to  George  Morrow.  She  was  elected  to  her  present  office 
June,  '94,  having  been  for  two  years  state  secretary  of  Y  work,  and  for 
seven  y  ears  president  of  the  local  union  of  Fairmont.  Mrs.  Morrow  is 
ably  seconded  in  her  work  by  her  husband  who  is  an  uncompromising 
Prohibitionist  and  a  ruling  elder  in  the  Presbyterian  church.  To  his 
sympathy  and  hearty  encouragement  much  of  her  success  is  due. 


2>elle  t>.  COI,  President  of  East  Washington,  was  born  in 
Illinois  in  1853,  a°d  at  the  age  of  seventeen  went  to  Kansas,  where 
she  taught  for  some  years,  marrying  A.  C.  Cox  in  1874.  She  took  part 
in  the  campaign  for  prohibition  in  that  state  and  held  offices  in  local, 
county,  district  and  state  unions  until  her  removal  to  Oregon  in  1891. 
The  next  year  she  was  elected  National  Organizer,  which  office  she  still 
retains.  Upon  her  election  to  the  office  of  state  president,  Mrs.  Cox 
removed  to  Ellensburg  where  she  now  resides  and  is  making  earnest 


46  THUMB   NAIL  SKETCHES. 

effort  to  place  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  that  state  upon  a  footing  worthy  that 
great  commonwealth  of  rare  natural  beauty. 


.  JElla  3.  JFifielD,  Ob.  D.,  of  West  Washington,  was  born  in 
Wisconsin.  She  early  removed  to  Minnesota  where  she  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools,  and  fitted  for  a  teacher  in  the  Mankato  Normal 
school.  She  spent  six  years  in  teaching  and  during  that  time  re- 
moved to  California  where  she  became  interested  in  the  study  of  medi- 
cine, and  in  1883  graduated  from  Cooper  Medical  College,  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. Previous  to  this  time  she  married  Dr.  W.  E.  Fifield,  who  has 
always  been  heartily  in  sympathy  with  her  both  in  her  medical  and 
temperance  work.  Mrs.  Fifield's  first  W.  C.  T.  U.  work  was  in  Petaluma, 
California,  where  she  was  president  of  the  local  union.  On  her  removal 
to  Ta^oma,  Washington,  she  was  made  president  of  Tacoma  Central 
union,  and  in  June,  1894,  was  elected  state  president. 


DiC  f>.  Campbell  was  elected  to  the  Presidency  of  the  Wis- 
consin W.  C.  T.  U.  in  June  1892,  and  has  been  twice  re-elected.  She 
is  of  Quaker  ancestry  and  Wisconsin  birth  and  much  of  her  life  has 
been  spent  in  her  native  state.  She  was  among  the  earliest  workers  in 
the  Wisconsin  Union,  and  helped  to  mold  the  enthusiasm  of  the  wom- 
an's revolt  against  the  saloon  into  a  systematic  working  force.  Mrs. 
Campbell  as  president  of  the  First  Congressional  District  was  a  model 
officer.  To  unusual  gifts  as  a  public  speaker  she  added  a  quick  sym- 
pathy, temperate  judgment,  broad  charity  and  remarkable  executive 
ability,  and  brought  every  union  in  the  district  into  sympathetic  touch 
with  herself  and  each  other.  Her  later  work  in  the  state  is  but  an  en- 
largement of  her  former  work  in  the  district.  Although  complicated 
by  the  difficulties  involved  in  a  larger  constituency,  the  work  of  the 
State  W.  C.  T.  U.  is  under  her  administration  carried  on  in  the  same 
spirit  of  independent  thought,  earnest  endeavor  and  Christian  charity. 


.  "CaUbClmina  JStOWn  (nee  Fillmore),  President  of  Wyoming,  is 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  West.  She  is  a  near  relative  of  United  States 
President  Fillmore,  was  born  in  the  state  of  New  York  in  1854  and  re- 
moved to  Wyoming  when  sixteen  years  of  age.  She  has  been  in  W.  C. 
T.  U.  work  eleven  years,  being,  as  she  says,  one  of  Miss  Willard's  per- 
sonal converts.  Her  husband  is  a  prominent  lawyer,  a  pronounced 
advocate  of  woman's  suffrage,  and  was  president  of  the  state  convention 
which  indorsed  that  measure  four  years  ago. 


SUPERINTENDENTS.  47 

SUPERINTENDENTS. 


For  sketch  of  Mrs.  Frances  J.  Barnes,  General   Secretary  of  Young 
Woman's  Branch,  see  page  9. 


flbr.6.  JEmma  %.  Evans,  of  New  York,  was  appointed  Department 
Secretary  of  Y.  \V.  C.  T.  U.  work,  by  the  National  Union  in  1882,  and 
since  the  department  was  changed  to  a  Branch  has  continued  the  serv- 
ice as  its  "good  right-hand."  She  was  born  near  Philadelphia,  of 
Quaker  parents  ;  was  educated  at  the  Friends  School  and  at  the  well- 
known  private  school  of  Mary  Anna  Longstreth.  To  other  benevolent 
organizations,  as  well  as  to  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  Mrs.  Evans  gives  of  her 
time  and  influence  ;  among  them  the  National  Christian  League  for  the 
promotion  of  Social  Purity  and  the  old  and  houored  institution  known 
as  the  Female  Guardian  Society  and  Home  for  the  Friendless,  in  the 
industrial  school  of  which  she  has  introduced  a  weekly  temperance 
lesson.  Mrs.  Evans  combines  the  tact  and  grace  of  a  charming  person- 
ality with  the  wisdom  and  practical  business  ability  of  a  woman  of 
affairs.  She  is  lovingly  spoken  of  by  the  Y'sas  their  "Model  Secretary." 


.  Ibelen  0.  IRice,  of  B  ^ston,  Massachusetts,  is  our  Superintendent 
of  Juvenile  work.  No  woman  enters  upon  her  work  with  a  more  whole- 
souled  enthusiasm,  or  brings  to  it  greater  versatility  and  originality  than 
does  this  commander- in-chief  of  the  Loyal  Temperance  Legion.  A  happy 
wife  in  a  childless  home,  her  innate  love  for  children  has  found  its  proper 
channel,  and  in  a  truer  sense  than  can  be  said  of  many  homes,  she 
"  mothers"  the  childhood  of  the  nation.  Under  her  wise  planning,  for 
five  years,  the  work  of  the  L.  T.  L.  has  broadened  and  deepened,  until 
it  has  become  indeed  the  reserve  corps  of  the  temperance  army.  Mrs. 
Rice  is  recording  secretary  for  the  Massachusetts  W.  C.  T.  U.,  a  fine 
speaker  to  both  children  and  adults,  and  among  the  most  valued  of  New 
England  white-ribboners. 


SopbfC  3F.  <3mbb,  of  Kirkwood,  Missouri,  has  been  for  twelve 
years  at  the  head  of  W.  C.  T.  U.  work  for  foreign-speaking  peoples 
in  this  country.  She  comes  of  a  family  of  exceptionally  gifted  women, 
and  was  formerly  devoted  to  literary  studies,  but  for  many  years  past  has 
given  her  entire  time  and  not  a  little  money  to  developing  her  depart- 


48  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 

ment.  She  issues  leaflets  iu  eighteen  languages  on  almost  any  subject 
connected  with  our  many-sided  work.  She  never  abuses,  never  antag- 
onizes, aiming  first  to  secure  the  good-will  and  then  the  intellectual 
concurrence  of  those  who  come  from  distant  countries.  Mrs.  Grubb  is 
one  of  our  best  speakers  and  most  devoted  workers.  Her  assistant 
in  the  Scandinavian  is  Miss  Kate  L/undeu,  of  New  Jersey.  In  the  Dutch, 
Mrs.  Van  Olinda,  of  Holland,  Mich.;  Mrs.  E.  J.  Harwood,  of  New  Mex- 
ico, for  the  Spanish,  and  Mrs.  Nellie  B.  Eyster,  of  California,  for  the  Chi- 
nese. 


.  XUC£  ^TbUtman,  Superintendent  of  Work  among  Colored  Peo- 
ple, has  been  talking  for  temperance  ever  since  crusade  days.  She  was 
born  near  Toronto,  Canada,  in  1852.  Even  as  a  child  her  love  for  ora- 
tory was  so  pronounced  that  she  would  climb  the  hills  and  address  mimic 
audiences.  She  left  home  when  seventeen,  determined  to  do  something 
for  the  elevation  of  her  race.  She  taught  a  school  in  Maryland  for 
three  years  and  then  went  to  Jackson,  Michigan,  where  she  married. 
Mrs.  Thurman  has  lectured  in  both  Southern  and  Northern  States,  her 
audiences  being  more  often  white  than  colored.  She  is  state  superin- 
tendent of  Colored  work  in  Michigan,  district  superintendent  of  Evan- 
gelistic work,  and  president  of  Jackson  county  W.  C.  T.  U.  The 
Thurmans  have  a  beautiful  home  in  Jackson  where  they  have  enter- 
tained many  distinguished  persons.  Frederick  Douglass  was  for  twenty- 
six  years  a  warm  friend  of  the  family. 


2>r.  Bnnette  SbaW,  of  the  department  of  Health  and  Heredity,  is 
vice-president  of  the  Wisconsin  W.  C.  T.  U.  and  state  superintendent  of 
Social  Purity  and  Legislative  work,  and  no  more  fitting  leader  could  be 
found  for  this  important  branch  of  preventive  work.  She  comes  of  ster- 
ling New  England  ancestry  ;  is  a  graduate  of  St.  Lawrence  University, 
New  York,  and  was  ordained  a  minister  in  the  Universalist  church.  After 
eight  years  of  pastorate,  a  throat  difficulty  developed  which  necessi- 
tated a  rest  from  preaching.  She  then  took  a  course  in  medicine.  Un- 
selfish and  unostentatious  in  all  she  does,  Dr.  Shaw  devotes  her  life 
largely  to  philanthropic  work,  and  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  Home  for  Erring 
Girls  at  Eau  Claire  is  one  of  the  results  of  her  untiring  work  and  self- 
sacrifice. 


SUPERINTENDENTS.  49 

.  BbbiC  JE.  Sbapleigb,  Superintendent  of  the  department  which 
aims  to  teach  Scientific  and  Economic  Cookery,  is  a  native  of  Maine. 
With  an  ancestry  on  either  side  of  industrious  patriotic  people  and  with 
parents  who  were  much  in  advance  of  their  time  in  liberal  thought  and 
temperance  principles,  the  children  could  hardly  fail  to  develop  strength 
of  character  and  moral  fiber.  Mrs.  Shapleigh  has  been  known  for  many 
years  as  a  faithful  worker  in  the  white-ribbon  cause,  her  interest  cen- 
tering mainly  in  the  departments  that  aim  to  prevent  and  forestall  the 
evils  of  strong  drink.  Believing  that  wrong  can  best  be  eradicated  by 
incorporating  the  right,  she  holds  that  the  proper  food  for  the  body 
would  prevent  the  desire  either  for  strong  drink  or  for  any  injurious 
stimulant. 


For  sketch  of  Mrs.  Mary  H.  Hunt,  Superintendent  of  Scientific  Tem- 
perance Instruction,  see  page  10. 


,  Superintendent  of  Physical  Culture,  one 
of  Ohio's  gifted  daughters,  has  given  twenty-one  years  of  faithful  service 
to  the  cause  of  humanity  ;  local,  state  and  National  departments  having 
felt  the  vitalizing  touch  of  her  influence.  Well  devised  plans  ably  car- 
ried out,  and  her  arguments  before  the  legislature  secured  Ohio's  Tem- 
perance Education  law.  A  successful  educator  in  former  years  and  now 
a  successful  wife  and  mother  in  a  beautiful  home  she  finds  time  and  zeal 
to  help  in  the  general  home-brightening  of  the  country.  She  ranks 
high  as  a  lecturer  before  colleges,  teachers'  institutes  and  woman's  clubs. 
In  her  official  capacity  it  is  Mrs.  Leiter's  aim  to  secure  state  laws  re- 
quiring physical  training  in  the  public  schools. 


.  Stella  JBlariCbarfc  IfcVlne,  Superintendent  of  Sunday-school 
work,  was  born  and  educated  in  Wisconsin  ;  was  a  teacher  in  the  public 
schools  of  I/a  Crosse,  and  was  married  in  1882  to  Mr.  Lew  W.  Irvine,  of  St. 
Paul,  Minnesota.  Naturally  of  a  religious  turn  of  mind,  her  chosen  field 
was  the  Sunday-school,  in  which  work  she  soon  won  honor  and  distinc- 
tion. She  became  a  member  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  in  1884,  has  since  worked 
with  that  organization  in  various  capacities,  local,  county,  district  and 
state,  and  has  proved  herself  a  "  born  leader."  Through  the  ministry 
of  affliction  she  heard  the  divine  call  to  work  for  the  safety  of  Christ's 
little  ones  and  finds  a  most  acceptable  field  in  the  Sunday-school  de- 
partment of  the  W.  C.  T.  U. 


50  THUMB   NAIl^  SKETCHES. 

For  sketch  of  Mrs.  Katherine  Lente  Stevenson,  Superintendent  of 
Temperance  Literature,  see  page  21. 


.  S.  IE.  \).  J£merg,  of  the  department  of  the  Relation  of  Tem- 
perance to  Capital  and  Labor,  is  one  of  those  tireless  workers  whose 
name  has  echoed  throughout  the  land.  As  early  as  1868,  when  reform 
movements  were  in  their  infancy,  Mrs.  Emery  began  writing  upon  tem- 
perance and  suffrage.  In  iSSo  she  became  interested  in  financial  reform 
and  since  that  time  that  subject  has  been  her  specia't}'.  Mrs.  Emery's 
published  works,  "  Seven  Financial  Conspiracies"  and  "  Imperialism  in 
America,"  have  had  a  phenomenal  sale,  and  the  Corner-Stone,  an  eight- 
page  monthly  started  in  1893,  already  has  a  circulation  in  nearly  every 
state  and  territory. 


J?IMSS  XoMe  IReeO,  Superintendent  of  Press  work,  has  been  one  of 
the  greatest  factors  in  the  work  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  Indiana,  from  the 
beginning.  Born  in  Urbaua,  Ohio,  she  received  a  college  education, 
attaining  to  an  A.  M.  degree  and  afterward  studying  law  with  her 
father.  In  the  winter  of  1873-74,  visiting  in  her  native  town  she  became 
fired  with  the  crusade  spirit.  Already  an  earnest  Christian,  thence- 
forward her  life-work  was  fixed  and  her  lot  cast  with  the  women  who 
prayed  and  fought  against  the  liquor  traffic.  Being  established  in 
Indiana  as  a  teacher,  she  was  made  state  W.  C.  T.  U.  corresponding 
secretary,  an  office  which  she  filled  for  thirteen  years,  with  the  fidelity 
only  possible  in  a  nature  of  such  complete  consecration  as  hers,  finally 
declining  renomination  in  1894.  She  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Indiana  W.  C.  T.  U.  paper,  The  Organizer,  and  has  been  its  editor  for 
twelve  years.  Her  fine  discrimination  and  grasp  of  the  needs  of  the 
work,  called  her  to  the  broader  field  of  National  Press  superintendent 
and  editor  of  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  Bulletin.  With  four  years'  in- 
termission, Miss  Reed  has  served  her  state  as  superintendent  of  the 
Scientific  Temperance  Instruction  department  since  it  was  adopted, 
in  1881,  and  under  her  generalship  the  "black  cap"  was  removed 
from  Indiana  in  1894. 


J£.  38.  ITngallS,  of  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  Superintendent  of 
the  department  of  Narcotics,  is  perhaps  the  most  attractive  apostle  that 
the  anti-tobacco  crusade  has  developed.  She  is  the  daughter  of  a  very 


SUPERINTENDENTS.  51 

liberal-minded  mother,  has  been  a  temperance  worker  from  girlhood,  a 
member  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  since  its  first  organization  in  her  city,  and  for 
years  the  financier  of  the  state  organization.  She  is  president  of  the 
St.  Louis  District  Union  and  delegate  to  the  World's  Convention  in 
London.  As  National  superintendent  her  work  is  continuous  and 
thorough,  and  many  states  have  enacted  laws  forbidding  the  sale  of 
tobacco  or  cigarettes  to  minors.  Mrs.  Ingalls  is  popular  in  society  and 
at  all  social  gatherings  wears  her  knot  of  white  ribbon.  Her  husband 
supports  her  in  all  her  endeavors  and  is  proud  of  her  ability  as  a  leader. 


For  sketch  of  Miss  Elizabeth   Greenwood,  Superintendent  of  the 
Evangelistic  department,  see  page  n. 


is  Superintendent  of  the  department  which 
aims  to  secure  Unfermeuted  Sacramental  Wine.  Her  father  was  a  pio- 
neer in  the  temperance  cause  in  western  New  York.  Miss  Moore  was 
graduated  from  the  Clover  Street  Seminary,  Brighton,  New  York,  an  in- 
stitution founded  by  her  father,  and  under  the  principalship  of  her  aunt. 
For  twelve  years  she  was  principal  of  a  private  school,  and  afterwards 
taught  in  Lake  Forest  University,  Illinois,  leaving  her  position  there  for 
a  year's  travel  abroad.  In  1890  Miss  Moore  commenced  active  work  in 
the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  of  which  organization  she  had  long  been  a  member, 
as  superintendent  of  Scientific  Temperance  Instruction  for  Wyoming 
county,  New  York,  and  at  the  National  Convention  at  Cleveland  was 
appointed  to  her  present  office. 


.  Jane  jflfc.  fJinne^,  Superintendent  of  Penal  and  Reformatory 
work,  comes  on  the  father's  side  from  the  pioneer  settlers  of  Pennsylva- 
nia and  New  York,  and  on  the  mother's  from  McCallum  More,  of  the 
famous  Scotch  Clan,  Campbell.  Widowed  when  quite  young  and  her 
only  child  being  taken  away  when  five  years  old,  Mrs.  Kinney's  heart 
turned  instinctively  to  the  sorrowing  of  every  class,  and  the  crusade 
found  her  ready  to  answer  its  call.  She  has  been  ever  since  a  tireless 
worker  in  many  lines  of  W.  C.  T.  U.  work  in  local,  district  and  state 
unions.  Her  sympathies  and  her  efforts  are  not  limited  to  the  white- 
ribbon  organization.  We  cannot  begin  to  tell  of  other  activities  which 
make  her  one  of  the  busiest  of  reformers. 


52  THUMB  NAZI,  SKETCHES. 


.  S.  B.  flborrteOtt,  Superintendent  of  Almshouse  work,  is  a 
great-granddaughter  of  General  John  Swift,  a  Revolutionary  soldier  and 
a  granddaughter  of  Rev.  Marcus  Swift,  a  pioneer  of  Wayne  county, 
Michigan,  whose  home  was  a  station  on  the  famous  underground  rail- 
road of  slavery  days.  Reared  under  such  influences,  Mrs.  Morrison  did 
not  hesitate  to  unite  with  any  reform  movement,  and  has  been  identified 
with  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  since  the  days  of  the  crusade.  She  began  her 
almshouse  work  ten  years  ago  in  the  Detroit  poorhouse.  Having  been 
in  constant  touch  with  extended  local  work  of  this  department  in  her 
own  state  of  Michigan,  she  has  had  opportunity  to  study  its  many  phases 
and  needs  and  is  well  fitted  in  every  way  to  be  our  National  leader  in 
this  outreaching  work. 


.  flbargaret  D.  "QGl.  /fcerrill  is  at  the  head  of  the  department 
for  Securing  Homes  for  Homeless  Children.  She  is  of  old  English 
ancestry  and  of  New  England  birth.  "Threescore  and  ten,  and  yet 
eight  more,"  her  Homes  have  been  in  Massachusetts,  Maryland,  New 
York  and  Maine.  Asked  why  she  has  given  unwavering  fealty  to  the 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union,  through  its  twenty  years  of 
"praise  and  blame,"  her  reply  is  given  in  the  words  of  a  noble  fore- 
runner of  Miss  Willard,  "  Because  I  am  a  woman,  and  nothing  concern- 
ing the  interests  of  women  and  children  is  alien  to  me."  Among  Mrs. 
Merrill's  efforts  in  the  service  of  humanity  are  those  in  behalf  of  the 
Industrial  Schools  for  Girls,  the  Temporary  Home  for  women  and 
children,  and  in  conjunction  with  these,  for  homeless  and  dependent 
children. 


.  Caroline  fl&.  Glarfc*'CClOO£War&,  who  has  charge  of  the  work 
among  Railroad  Employes,  was  born  on  a  Wisconsin  farm,  was  edu- 
cated in  Milwaukee  and  afterward  taught  in  that  city.  Of  intelligent, 
energetic  parentage,  the  daughter  inherited  the  pioneer  instinct  and 
spirit,  with  genius  for  organization.  She  was  a  general  officer  of 
Nebraska  W.  C.  T.  U.  nine  years ;  was  appointed  National  organizer 
in  1887  ;  associate  of  department  of  work  among  Railroad  Employes 
in  1890;  and  elected  National  Superintendent  in  1892.  She  received 
Prohibition  party  nominations  for  Regent  of  the  Nebraska  University 
and  for  Member  of  Congress.  Mrs.  Woodward  studied  "Methods" 
under  Mary  Allen  West  at  Lake  Bluff  and  Chicago  schools  and  has 
since  conducted  schools  of  Methods  at  various  Chautauqua  Assemblies. 
She  is  a  clear  and  forcible  speaker,  a  skillful  parliamentarian,  and  is 
one  of  our  most  workmanlike  leaders. 


SUPERINTENDENTS.  53 

.  Sarab  21.  /BbcClCCS  has  for  twelve  years  worked  for  sobriety 
and  purity  in  the  Army  and  Navy  of  the  United  States.  Her  effort  to 
suppress  the  "  canteen  system  "  by  petition  and  memorial  to  Congress 
is  a  historical  incident  of  great  importance.  Her  latest  success  has 
been  the  placing  of  temperance  libraries  on  board  our  war  cruisers  and 
merchant  ships.  Sojourning  temporarily  in  California,  she  is  establish- 
ing the  same  network  of  influences  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  Aiding  the 
W.  C.  T.  U.  as  one  of  their  representatives  in  the  Federation  of  Socie- 
ties, as  an  executive  officer  in  the  Equal  Suffrage  Association  and  the 
Scuthern  California  Woman's  Press  Club,  her  sphere  of  usefulness  is 
widely  extended.  Crusade  days  found  Mrs.  McClees  in  New  York  City 
remonstrating  with  saloon-keepers  ;  secretary  of  the  first  union,  after- 
wards its  president  and  for  five  years  president  of  Westchester  county, 
New  York. 


C.  TUpbam,  who  holds  the  Superintendency  of  work  in 
Lumber  Camps,  is  the  wife  of  the  present  governor  of  Wisconsin.  She 
is,  on  her  mother's  side,  of  Quaker  descent ;  was  married  to  Major  Up- 
ham  in  1867  and  for  many  years  lived  in  the  pine  forests  of  northern 
Wisconsin,  where  she  first  became  aroused  to  the  need  of  work  among 
the  camps.  She  inaugurated  a  systematic  plan  for  supplying  them 
with  good  literature  by  mail  from  hundreds  of  homes.  This  plan  was 
productive  of  such  good  results  that  it  was  afterwards  adopted  by  other 
states.  In  Mrs.  Upham's  own  words,  her  work  is  "based  upon  the  fact 
that  the  divine  influence  which  prompts  one  woman  to  do  good  ever 
finds  sympathy  in  the  hearts  of  all  good  women  of  the  white  ribbon 
army." 


.  Wlnnfe  JF.  /BMnear  EngtiSb,  Superintendent  of  Work  among 
Miners,  is  a  native  of  Illinois  and  has  been  from  childhood  a  pronounced 
advocate  of  total  abstinence.  The  daughter  of  a  minister  and  physi- 
cian, she  had  opportunity  to  learn  of  the  destructive  effects  of  the  liquor 
traffic,  and  very  early  cast  her  voice  aud  influence  against  the  curse. 
For  twenty-five  years  she  has  been  the  wife  of  an  itinerant  minister  of 
the  M.  E.  church,  her  husband  now  being  a  presiding  elder  in  the 
Illinois  Conference.  In  1887,  when  the  Illinois  W.  C.  T.  U.  created  the 
department  of  Work  among  Miners,  Mrs.  English  was  made  the  super- 
intendent, and  in  1891  National  leader  of  the  work.  Under  her  direc- 
tion the  department  has  so  rapidly  developed  that  twenty-five  states  are 
now  carrying  forward  this  important  branch  of  W.  C.  T.  U.  effort. 


54  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 


.  UOSepbfne  G.  JSatebam,  of  the  department  of  Sabbath  Ob- 
servance, is  of  New  England  parentage,  brought  up  and  educated  at 
Oberlin,  Ohio.  She  married  Rev.  R.  Cushman  and  went  with  him  as 
missionary  to  Hayti.  Here  she  lost  her  husband,  and  returned  home 
before  she  was  twenty.  She  afterward  married  M.  B.  Bateham,  an  emi- 
nent horticulturist  and  writer,  and  lived  in  Ohio.  For  many  years  her 
life  was  largely  devoted  to  her  family  of  seven  children,  and  especially 
to  a  gifted  invalid  daughter  who  died  in  1885.  Mrs.  Bateham  has  lect- 
ured all  over  the  country  ;  has  traveled  extensively  in  Europe,  the 
West  Indies  and  Hawaii,  and  has  published  scores  of  leaflets,  pamphlets 
and  books. 


.  rtbat£  3f .  XOVCll,  of  Bryn  Mawr,  Pennsylvania,  Superintend- 
ent of  the  Mercy  department,  is  of  English  birth  and  parentage,  but  has 
spent  nearly  all  her  life  in  America.  Her  early  training  was  such  as  to 
foster  literary  and  artistic  taste  and  high  moral  aims,  and  the  education 
of  the  heart  as  well  as  the  intellect  has  ever  been  her  ideal  of  human 
development.  She  married  early,  but  having  no  children  has  had 
opportunity  for  activity  in  various  philanthropies  and  reforms,  and  to 
these  has  devoted  years  of  earnest  attention.  Her  chief  work,  however, 
is  the  effort  to  aid  in  developing  in  the  human  mind  the  idea  of  the 
obligations  of  mercy  toward  all  God's  creatures;  also  securing  the  enact- 
ment and  enforcement  of  laws  for  this  beneficent  purpose.  Mrs.  Lovell 
is  a  woman  of  unusual  refinement  and  education  and  has  been  for  many 
years  a  leader  in  the  Pennsylvania  W.  C.  T.  U. 


Dr.  /Barg  TiOOO&*Hllenf  of  our  Purity  department,  was  born  in 
Delta,  Ohio,  in  1841  ;  began  teaching  school  at  fourteen  years  of  age, 
and  teaching  music  at  fifteen  ;  entered  the  classical  department  of  the 
College  at  Delaware,  Ohio,  in  1858  ;  was  graduated  therefrom  in  1861  ; 
married  in  1863,  and  spent  the  years  from  1871  to  '74,  in  Europe,  in 
travel  and  study.  She  received  the  degree  of  M.  D.  from  the  regu- 
lar department  of  medicine  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  in  1875  ,' 
was  appointed  National  lecturer  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  in  Heredity  and 
Hygiene,  in  1885,  and  superintendent  of  the  Purity  department  in 
1892.  Dr.  Allen  is  an  indefatigable  worker  and  has  published  several 
books  in  the  interests  of  her  department,  among  which  are  :  "  The  Man 
Wonderful  in  the  House  Beautiful,"  "  Teaching  Truth,"  "  Child  Confi- 
dence Rewarded,"  and  "Almost  a  Man."  She  has  recently  started 
"The  Mother's  Friend,"  a  monthly  periodical  designed  to  arouse  the 
mother-thought  on  the  vital  question  of  purity. 


SUPERINTENDENTS.  55 


Bmtlte  ®.  flbartfn,  of  New  York,  Superintendent  of  the  de- 
partment for  Purity  in  Literature  and  Art,  the  daughter  of  a  distin- 
guished physician,  who  was  at  one  time  a  leading  abolitionist.  She  is  a 
prominent  Chautauquan  and  has  been  president  for  three  years  of  the 
Guild  of  the  Seven  Seals.  She  is  active  in  church  work  and  is  the 
New  York  synodical  secretary  of  literature  ;  was  associated  with  Miss 
Willard  in  the  promotion  of  Purity  in  Literature  and  Art,  and  chosen 
National  Superintendent  in  1891.  Her  husband  is  a  prominent  business 
man  and  is  in  entire  sympathy  with  all  Mrs.  Martin's  efforts. 


2>.  tTomltnaon,  Superintendent  of  Parlor  Meetings,  was 
educated  at  Alford,  University,  New  York,  and  the  State  Normal  School 
in  New  Jersey,  and  like  so  many  white-ribboners,  was  a  successful 
teacher  for  some  years.  She  married  Dr.  T.  H.  Tomlinson  in  1868  ;  in 
1884  became  actively  engaged  in  W.  C.  T.  U.  work  ;  was  for  nine  years 
president  of  the  local  union  at  Plainfield ;  in  1886,  chosen  president  of 
Union  county  W.  C.  T.  U.;  seven  years  state  superintendent  of  Parlor 
Meetings  ;  two  years  associate  National  superintendent  of  this  depart- 
ment, and  elected  National  superintendent  in  1893.  During  all  these 
years  Mrs.  Tomlinson  has  spent  almost  her  entire  time  in  work  con- 
nected with  our  organization  and  is  one  of  its  most  valued  specialists. 


/BM3S  BliCC  X.  SuODUtb,  of  Colton,  California,  is  Superintendent  of 
one  of  the  most  popular  and  beautiful  departments  of  white-ribbon  work. 
Her  own  home  in  Southern  California  a  bower  of  tropical  beauty,  she  is 
well  fitted  by  surroundings  and  an  enthusiastic  nature  to  direct  the 
Flower  Mission  work  of  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.,  as  for  five  years  she 
has  that  of  her  state.  Miss  Sudduth  was  devoted  to  Miss  Jennie  Casse- 
day,  the  founder  and  for  fifteen  years  the  invalid  superintendent  of  this 
department,  and  her  great  endeavor  is  to  perpetuate  Miss  Casseday's 
plans  and  purposes.  She  has  arranged  for  many  delightful  substitutes 
for  flowers,  when  the  latter  cannot  be  obtained. 


Clara  D.  TMeaver  is  National  Superintendent  of  State  and 
County  Fairs,  and  we  are  truly  sorry  that  as  these  pages  go  to  press  the 
solicited  sketch  has  not  arrived. 


56  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 


.  /IR.  3B.  J£lli5,  the  new  Superintendent  of  Legislation  and  Peti- 
tions, is  corresponding  secretary  of  New  Jersey  and  began  her  temper- 
ance career  in  California  during  the  crusade.  In  state  work  she  was 
closely  associated  with  our  "Andrew  Jackson,"  Mrs.  Downs,  who  said 
of  her:  "I  never  called  Margaret  Ellis  to  any  place,  great  or  small, 
where  she  did  not  come  up  to  its  requirements  ;  you  can  trust  her  any- 
where." A  great,  tender  heart  rilled  with  the  Christ-love,  a  natural  gift  of 
eloquence  and  a  rich,  musical  voice  —  such  are  the  characteristics  which 
distinguish  this  daughter  of  New  Jersey. 


/fcr.0.  %.  G.  Purfngton,  /IR.  2).,  leader  of  the  Franchise  department, 
is  an  all-round  woman.  A  graduate  of  Mount  Holyoke  Seminary,  of 
Hahnemann  Medical  College,  and  a  life-long  student  in  the  school  of 
experience,  nothing  that  concerns  humanity  is  foreign  to  her  interest. 
Born  into  the  kingdom  of  equal  rights  and  inheriting  stanch  temper- 
ance principles,  her  fine  executive  and  literary  ability  has  been  largely 
devoted  to  the  elevation  of  woman,  through  the  twin  philanthropies — 
missions  and  temperance.  She  was  a  member  of  the  Chicago  W.  C.  T. 
U.  at  its  start,  and  the  first  Y  Union  was  formed  at  her  house  in  Chicago. 
During  the  last  ten  years  her  residence  at  Dorchester,  Massachusetts, 
has  been  marked  by  "  labors  abundant  "  in  every  good  cause. 


For  sketch  of  Mrs.  Hannah  J.  Bailey,  Superintendent  of  Peace  and 
Arbitration,  see  page  14. 


ORGANIZERS. 


Ibelcn  XOUfse  JSullOCft,  born  in  Norwich,  New  York,  early 
chose  as  her  life-work  the  teaching  of  instrumental  music,  and  studied 
with  the  best  masters  in  New  York  City.  She  taught  successfully  for 
more  than  thirty  years,  publishing  during  that  time  a  set  of  musical 
studies  and  a  musical  catechism.  In  1886  a  mysterious  chain  of  circum- 
stances, in  which  she  recognized  the  voice  of  God,  called  her  from  her 
loved  profession  into  the  organizing  work  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  her  na- 
tive state.  Manifesting  a  peculiar  fitness  for  this  work  she  was  in  1895 
appointed  National  Organizer  and  has  proved  herself  without  a  superior 


ORGANIZERS.  57 

as  an  organizer  of  local  unions.  Mrs.  Bullock  is  also  one  of  our  most 
cogent  public  speakers,  her  treatment  of  the  tobacco  question  especially 
being  unexcelled.  She  does  not  abuse  or  alienate,  but  simply  holds 
up  the  mirror  to  nature's  face.  Her  work  has  been  signally  blessed 
from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific. 


.  XUC£  f>.  TJClasbfngtCm,  of  Port  Jervis,  New  York,  is  the 
wife  of  a  Baptist  minister  and  a  graduate  of  Clover  Street  Seminary, 
Rochester,  New  York.  She  became  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  crusade 
in  Jacksonville,  Illinois,  aud  was  at  once  brought  into  notice  as  a  pub- 
lic speaker,  her  bright  intellect,  culture  and  power  of  adaptability  mak- 
ing her  acceptable  to  all  classes,  and  opening  doors  to  service  which 
have  never  closed.  She  has  filled  positions  of  prominence  in  unions 
from  local  to  National  and  lectured  and  organized  from  the  Atlantic  to 
the  Pacific.  Mrs.  Washington  has  contributed  to  the  press  in  prose 
and  verse  from  early  girlhood,  and  has  published  two  volumes  of  poems, 
"  Echoes  of  Songs  "  and  "  Memory's  Casket.'' 


/IM08  ^Frances  5.  flJrifffn,  of  Montgomery,  Alabama,  is  the  daugh- 
ter of  a  wealthy  planter  whose  reverses  in  the  war  made  it  desirable 
that  this  gifted  lady,  who  seems  to  have  inherited  her  father's  talents 
and  character,  should  become  self-supporting.  Miss  Griffin  brings  to 
the  white-ribbon  work  a  brilliant  mind  and  twenty-seven  years'  drill  as 
a  school  teacher.  She  has  wit  as  well  as  wisdom  and  a  happy  faculty 
of  making  friends.  As  National  Organizer  she  has  done  earnest  work 
in  her  native  state  and  in  Texas,  and  has  won  an  enviable  reputation 
as  a  speaker. 


/Ban?  3B£non  "Reese,  of  Chautauqua,  Washington,  received 
her  baptism  for  temperance  in  the  great  Ohio  uprising  of  1873-74.  She 
was  elected  crusade  president  of  the  Alliance  (Ohio)  League,  led  the 
first  band  to  the  saloons  aud  presided  in  all  the  work  of  the  memorable 
six  weeks  and  for  the  three  succeeding  years.  She  was  arrested  and 
imprisoned  with  thirty-three  others  in  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania,  for  cru- 
sading. Mrs.  Reese  was  one  of  four  ladies  who  organized  Ohio  for  the 
constitutional  amendment  campaign,  in  which  she  took  an  active  part ; 
has  served  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  as  National  superintendent  for  department 
of  Narcotics;  has  been  twice  commissioned  as  World's  Missionary  to 
Japan,  and  for  years  National  Organizer. 


58  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 


|Mtt  Stevens,  of  San  Francisco,  California,  is  the 
wife  of  a  leading  business  man  in  that  city,  well-to-do  in  this  world's 
goods,  and  can  give  her  time  without  fee  or  reward,  to  the  work.  She 
has  been  closely  identified  with  the  philanthropies  of  the  western  coast 
and  her  name  is  a  synonym  for  good  works.  She  is  in  private  life  a 
model  wife  and  hostess,  and  in  the  lecture  field  her  charm  of  delivery 
which  "thrills  from  the  lips  to  the  heart"  has  made  her  one  of  the 
foremost  speakers  of  California. 


B.  Dayton  JBlair,  was  one  of  the  crusaders  in  Penn- 
sylvania. She  has  been  a  National  Organizer  since  1883,  and  in  1884 
began  chalk-talking  wliile  state  superintendent  of  "Li.  T.  I/s  in  Wis- 
consin. She  has  given  seven  hundred  illustrated  lectures,  visiting 
nearly  every  state  and  territory,  as  well  as  Canada,  and  has  sent  out 
many  hundred  sets  of  her  "Outline  Charts."  As  state  superintend- 
ent of  Demorest  Medal  Contests  in  Nebraska,  she  held  two  Diamond 
Medal  Contests  during  the  amendment  campaign,  thereby  gaining 
many  votes  for  prohibition.  Her  husband  aids  and  encourages  her  in 
all  her  work,  and  like  herself,  cheerfully  sacrifices  personal  comfort 
for  the  white-ribbon  cause.  Mrs.  Blair  is  now  devoting  her  entire  time 
to  the  field  and  is  working  wonders  with  voice  and  chalk. 


.  /BauDe  X.  Greene,  Organizer  and  Chalk-Talker,  though  of 
New  England  parentage  has  chosen  her  home  among  the  grandeur  of 
the  Rockies,  at  Manitou,  Colorado.  Mrs.  Greene  is  especially  happy  in 
her  methods  of  work  among  children,  being  one  of  the  most  successful 
artists  with  chalk,  pen  and  voice.  She  has  an  innate  sense  of  humor 
combined  with  true  devotion  to  principle,  and  her  "  talks  "  are  as  pointed 
as  her  "  chalks.  "  She  sketches  rapidly,  using  either  or  both  hands  at 
will.  Under  the  ingenious  nom  de  plume  of  "Ivan  Inkling,"  her  pen 
has  won  for  her  a  place  in  the  hearts  of  many  readers. 


.  E.IRodnneXaw,  of  Detroit,  Michigan,  identified  herself  with 
the  W.  C.  T.  U.  in  1883,  and  has  since  been  a  zealous  and  successful 
worker,  rising  from  one  official  position  to  another  until  she  has  reached 
that  of  National  Organizer.  A  woman  of  unusual  executive  ability, 
backed  by  strong  courage  and  indomitable  faith,  she  always  brings 
things  to  pass.  To  a  womanly  personality  is  added  a  clear  and  sympa- 
thetic voice,  which  she  knows  well  how  to  employ  in  forceful  argument. 
A  combined  humor  and  pathos  makes  her  a  winning  platform  speaker. 


ORGANIZERS.  59 

,1l3CllC  fJCatne^f  is  a  native  of  Mississippi,  and  although  the 
descendant  of  a  long  line  of  conservative  ancestors,  was  born  a  radical. 
At  eighteen,  she  wanted  to  study  law,  but  was  deterred.  After  spend- 
ing several  years  in  society,  she  severed  the  conventionalities  that 
bound  her  and  began  teaching.  It  was  then  that  she  was  led  to  conse- 
crate her  life  to  the  service  of  the  Master,  and  in  1889,  she  was  called  to 
the  W.  C.  T.  U.  work.  Three  years  after  receiving  her  commission  as 
state  organizer  of  the  Young  Woman's  Branch,  she  was  made  National 
Organizer  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  As  a  platform  speaker  Miss  Kearney 
takes  a  foremost  place  among  our  lecturers  and  organizers.  Her  gra- 
cious personality  and  impressive  eloquence  charm  her  audiences  and 
win  many  adherents  to  the  cause  she  represents. 


/IBfSS  HDa  GlOtbiCt  is  one  of  our  ablest  speakers  among  young  women. 
Born  and  reared  in  total  abstinence  principles  she  had  no  close  personal 
knowledge  of  the  liquor  curse  until  thrown  among  young  men  and 
women  students  in  the  Boston  University.  It  was  while  pursuing  a 
special  course  of  study  there  that  the  "  call  "  came  to  active  service,  and 
her  first  W.  C.  T.  U.  work  was  done  as  state  superintendent  of  Young 
Woman's  Work  in  Massachusetts.  Rapidly  developing  as  a  public 
speaker  and  organizer,  her  work  soon  became  national,  and  she  has  now 
lectured  and  organized  in  forty  different  states.  Miss  Clothier  is  very 
successful  in  presenting  the  white-ribbon  cause  to  young  people's  church 
societies  and  conventions. 


.  Ibcnrietta  SfceltOn,  Organizer  and  Lecturer  in  the  German 
department,  was  born  in  Gissen,  Germany,  where  her  father  was  con- 
nected with  the  University.  She  married  a  young  English  student  who 
became  superintendent  of  a  Canadian  railway,  and  in  Canada  the  happy 
years  of  her  married  life  were  spent.  Her  husband  died  after  a  long 
and  painful  illness,  during  which  they  together  watched  through  the 
public  prints  the  uprising  of  the  temperance  crusade,  and  when,  soon 
after  he  had  passed  away,  Mrs.  Youmans  called  the  women  of  Canada  to 
action,  the  very  first  to  respond  was  Henrietta  Skelton.  Through  the 
years  of  the  early  history  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  she  wrought  in  the  eastern 
and  middle  states,  then  later  in  California.  Mrs.  Skelton  has  traversed 
nearly  all  the  states  and  territories  of  the  Pacific,  preaching  the  gospel 
of  temperance,  and  is  emphatically  a  campaigner,  while  her  magnetic 
personality  makes  her  an  impressive  speaker,  and  her  sincerity  wins 
friends  for  herself  and  the  cause  she  advocates. 


60  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 


IfranceS  £.  1PBI.  fjarper  has  beeu  for  more  than  twenty  years 
the  Fred  Douglass  among  colored  women.  She  was  born  in  Maryland 
in  1825,  and  although  her  mother  was  born  a  slave,  Mrs.  Harper  had  no 
personal  experience  of  slavery.  She  first  entered  the  lecture  field  as  an 
advocate  for  antislavery,  and  since  the  abolition  of  that  evil  has  devoted 
her  life  to  the  uplift  of  her  own  people.  She  has  written  several  books 
and  is  an  acceptable  speaker  on  temperance  and  suffrage  platforms. 


Clara  parrfSb  entered  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  as  have  so  many  of 
our  bright  young  women,  from  the  school-room.  Born  and  reared  upon 
a  farm,  she  began  teaching  in  the  country  schools  at  the  early  age  of 
fifteen,  and  only  a  few  years  later  left  a  lucrative  position  as  teacher  of 
the  sciences  in  the  town  of  Paris,  Illinois,  for  active  work  in  the  Y.  W. 
C.  T.  U.  Since  then  she  has  become  a  National  Y  organizer  and  lect- 
urer of  acknowledged  ability.  So  pleasing  is  she  in  address  and  so 
conscientious  in  methods,  that  she  is  repeatedly  recalled  to  the  same 
platform  and  the  same  audience.  No  higher  praise  can  be  given. 


fbi88  ^Frances  f)a3elton  JBnsiQn  is  an  only  daughter,  residing  with 
her  parents  at  Madison,  Ohio.  She  is  a  graduate  of  Oberlin  College  and 
was  a  High  School  teacher  until  the  call  came  to  her  to  take  up  temper- 
ance work  as  the  Ohio  Y  secretary.  After  three  years  in  this  position, 
which  she  still  retains,  she  was  elected  one  of  the  National  Y  organizers 
and  has  since  traveled  extensively  in  several  states,  lecturing  and 
organizing.  She  conducts  the  "Kindred  Societies"  page  in  Young 
Women,  and  has  recently  served  as  private  secretary  for  Mrs.  Frances 
J.  Barnes. 


Carrie  Xee  Carter  was  born  in  Stoddard  County,  Missouri,  in 
1866,  the  only  daughter  and  youngest  child  of  indulgent  parents.  After 
graduation  from  college  she  joined  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and  while  engaged 
in  teaching,  held  many  offices  in  local  and  county  unions,  finally  be- 
coming president  of  the  largest  district  in  Missouri.  Since  then  she 
has  given  her  entire  time  to  public  work.  This  bright  young  woman 
has  been  for  three  years  a  ruling  elder  in  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
church.  She  is  a  charming  speaker  and  inspires  enthusiasm  for  the 
white-ribbon  cause  wherever  she  goes. 


ORGANIZERS.  6l 

B.  UengOn  is  a  mother,  a  teacher,  and  a  chalk-talker, 
with  fingers  that  can  bring  out  living  pictures  on  the  blackboard,  and  a 
brain  that  can  adapt  the  subject  to  any  audience.  Her  early  home  was 
in  Bristol,  Rhode  Island.  In  1869,  at  the  age  of  twenty-four,  she  mar- 
ried Dr.  H.  B.  Kenyon,  and  went  with  him,  a  few  years  after,  to  Town- 
sheud,  Vermont.  Death  broke  the  home  circle  in  1892,  taking  the 
husband  from  an  active,  useful  life.  Her  one  son  remains,  the  stay  and 
comfort  of  his  mother,  who  gives  of  his  fine  musical  talent  to  help  the 
temperance  cause.  Mrs.  Kenyon  has  varied  gifts,  as  her  works  prove. 
She  leads  the  Loyal  Temperance  Legion  of  Vermont  ;  her  deep,  rich 
voice  is  the  bass  of  the  White-Ribbon  Quartette  that  cheers  all  Vermont 
state  conventions ;  in  medal  contest  work  she  has  been  invaluable  and 
her  original  Bible  readings,  illustrated  by  the  board,  are  sermons  never 
to  be  forgotten. 


.  /fcartba  /fcCClellan  JSSrOWn  is  one  of  our  noted  pioneers.  She 
was  educated  in  Pennsylvania  where  her  scholarship  and  powers  won  her 
literary  titles  from  two  great  colleges.  There,  too,  for  the  sake  of  the 
Prohibition  party,  she  declined  the  state  superintendency  of  schools, 
offered  by  the  greatest  political  magnate  of  the  commonwealth.  She 
aided  in  founding  the  Prohibition  party  ;  was  one  of  the  projectors  of 
the  National  movement  at  Chautauqua  in  the  summer  of  1874  ;  copy- 
righted the  first  Bible  temperance  lessons,  and  was  nine  years  the 
editor  of  a  secular  paper,  the  first  woman  in  that  field.  She  is  a  ready 
speaker  on  all  current  topics  ;  a  philosophic  thinker  and  pleasing  writer. 
In  addition  to  lecturing,  she  speaks  almost  constantly  on  Sabbaths  by 
invitation  of  ministers  of  all  denominations.  Mrs.  Brown  is  a  native  of 
Baltimore,  the  wife  of  Rev.  W.  K.  Brown,  D.  D.,  and  the  mother  of  six 
sons  and  daughters — all  of  them  active,  talented,  Christian  workers. 


ft.  2>ennE,  a  temperance  worker  since  crusade  days, 
is  descended  from  a  long  line  of  reformers,  educators  and  missionaries. 
Her  husband,  Colonel  Denny,  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  the  rebellion 
and  endured  twenty-two  months  of  living  death  in  Libby  prison.  Mrs. 
Denny  was  the  originator  of  the  department  of  Jail  and  Prison  work, 
and  its  first  superintendent.  She  has  lectured  throughout  the  United 
States,  and  is  especially  successful  in  the  Evangelistic  line.  Her  origi- 
nal manner  of  reading  the  Bible  and  her  interpretation  of  it  makes  the 
good  old  book  unusually  fascinating  to  all  her  hearers. 


62  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 


.  "Cd.  BUa  B.  GleaSOn,  Organizer  and  Lecturer,  is  a  native  of 
Massachusetts.  She  commenced  speaking  in  public  at  Line  years  of 
age  ;  graduated  from  the  Eliot  High  School  and  taught  in  the  schools 
of  Boston.  Marrying  early  in  life,  her  attention  was  given  to  the  cares 
of  a  family  for  some  years.  She  has  served  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  first  as 
local  president,  then  as  county  superintendent  of  Narcotics,  state  super- 
intendent, and  now  as  National  lecturer.  In  1892  she  was  licensed  to 
preach  by  the  Baptist  church. 


)£mor.  3L.  CatftfnS  was  born  in  Ashford,  Cattaraugus  County, 
New  York,  in  1855  ;  was  educated  at  Griffiths  Institute,  Springville, 
New  York,  and  began  at  sixteen  to  teach  alternate  years,  to  defray 
the  expense  of  education.  She  was  married  to  Earle  H.  Calkins  in 
1876.  In  1881,  with  their  two  daughters,  they  removed  to  South  Bend, 
Indiana,  where  for  several  years  she  taught  elocution.  Uniting  with  the 
W.  C.  T.  U.  she  was  at  once  drawn  into  active  service,  serving  that 
state  as  state  organizer,  superintendent  of  Schools  of  Methods  and  vice- 
president,  and  the  National  as  organizer. 


/IMSS  XUUan  TDdOOfc,  is  a  native  of  Illinois,  and  of  Scotch  and  Eng- 
lish descent.  Rev.  M.  A.  Gault,  of  the  National  Reform  Association, 
writes  :  "  While  lecturing  in  Missouri,  I  have  many  times  crossed  her 
track,  and  have  found  few  workers  who  have  left  as  lasting  imprints 
upon  the  hearts  of  their  hearers.  She  has  risen  rapidly  to  be  one  of  the 
most  winning  and  impressive  speakers  and  workers."  Besides  that  of 
National  organizer  and  lecturer,  Miss  Wood  holds  the  position  of  vice- 
president  of  the  Missouri  state  union. 


/Br.9.  JElla  2UeianJ>er  JBOOte  was  born  at  Van  Wert,  Ohio,  in  1858  ; 
was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Wooster  in  1878,  receiving  second 
honors  in  a  class  of  thirty-one,  twenty-eight  of  whom  were  young  men, 
and  three  years  afterwards  received  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  After 
teaching  five  years  she  was  married  in  1883  to  Rev.  W.  H.  Boole,  the 
"Boanerges  of  Prohibition,"  a  pulpit  and  platform  orator  of  national 
reputation.  She  was  elected  corresponding  secretary  of  the  New  York 
state  W.  C.  T.  U.  in  1885  ;  held  the  position  for  six  years,  then  declining 
re-election,  was  made  first  vice-president,  which  position  she  now  holds. 
Mrs.  Boole,  with  her  bright,  scintillating  mind  and  forceful  manner,  has 
developed  into  one  of  our  best  platform  speakers. 


ORGANIZERS.  63 

TL.  /RcXaugblin  of  Boston  became  identified  with  the 
W.  C.  T.  U.  in  Ohio  during  crusade  days,  but  began  her  more  active 
career  as  a  public  speaker  in  1879  in  New  England.  She  belongs  to  a 
family  of  orators,  and  is  sister  of  Rev.  Dr.  R.  R.  Meredith,  the  famous 
Sunday-school  lesson  expositor.  She  is  a  magnetic  speaker,  and  to  her 
excellence  of  Christian  character  adds  culture,  ladyhood,  and  that  tact 
which  is  also  talent.  Mrs.  McLaughlin  is  president  of  the  Boston  uuion 
as  well  as  National  organizer  and  lecturer. 


.  BDDte  IftOttbam  tffelD  was  reared  in  Illinois.  She  was  a 
teacher  for  several  years  and  developed  such  efficiency  in  the  manage- 
ment of  children,  that  through  the  influence  of  Mrs.  Rounds,  W.  C.  T.  U. 
president  of  Illinois,  always  on  the  alert  to  secure  talented  workers,  she 
was  brought  to  the  front  as  state  superintendent  of  Juvenile  work,  which 
position  she  filled  for  four  years.  In  1890  she  was  married  to  Rev. 
Charles  H.  Field,  a  Presbyterian  minister.  Their  home  is  nowiu  New 
Hampshire,  where,  until  1894,  Mrs.  Field  was  state  superintendent  of 
Juvenile  work.  She  was  made  National  Organizer  at  the  Cleveland  Con- 
vention, and  later,  at  the  request  of  Lady  Henry  Somerset  and  Miss  Wil- 
lard,  went  to  England  to  aid  in  establishing  the  L.  T.  L,.  department 
there. 


flfctS.  Hfca  Wallace  THntllb  was  born  in  Indiana  in  1853.  Of  Scotch 
ancestry  she  inherits  their  grit  and  persistency.  The  daughter  of  an 
early  and  ardent  abolitionist  and  her  character  formed  in  the  days  of 
antislavery  agitation,  she  is  naturally  an  enthusiastic  lover  of  liberty. 
Consequently  she  is  a  prohibitionist  and  woman  suffragist  of  the  most 
radical  type.  A  temperance  worker  for  more  than  twenty  years,  she 
says  that  she  is  enlisted  in  the  white-ribbon  army  to  fight  it  out  on  this 
line  if  it  takes,  not  only  "all  summer,"  but  all  time. 


Two  National  Organizers  whose  sketches  have  failed  to  reach  us  are 
flbtS.  Q.  C.  IbarriS  of  Franklin,  Virginia,  and  /foCS.  Sue  \D. 
00n,  of  Charlotte,  North  Carolina. 


64  THUMB   NAIL  SKETCHES. 

EVANGELISTS. 


.  Q,  fb.  f .  "bents  is  the  daughter  of  a  Methodist  itinerant  whose 
parish  extended  in  early  days  from  the  Alleghanies  to  the  Big  Muddy. 
When  quite  young  she  developed  remarkable  literary  talent,  and  Sarepta 
M.  Irish  became  known  to  all  intelligent  Methodists  as  a  poetical  writer 
for  the  Ladies'  Repository.  The  civil  war  left  Mrs.  Henry  a  soldier's 
widow  with  three  little  children  to  support  and  train.  Her  toil  in  this 
was  heroic,  her  brain  and  pen  being  all  the  little  ones  had  to  depend 
on.  When  crusade  days  came,  Mrs.  Henry  led  the  forces  of  Rockford, 
Illinois,  and  developing  remarkable  powers  of  public  address,  was 
called  to  the  front  among  white-ribboners.  She  is  an  evangelist  par 
excellence,  and  has  visited  nearly  all  the  states  in  the  Union  and  many 
of  the  cities  of  Canada  in  the  interests  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  and  gospel 
temperance.  Ill  health  finally  compelled  Mrs.  Henry  to  give  up  con- 
tinuous active  work,  and  for  some  years  the  service  she  has  been  most 
often  called  upon  to  render  is  to  "  Be  still  and  know  that  I  am  God." 


.  2lntia  /R.  Palmer,  of  Iowa,  widow  of  a  Congregational  minis- 
ter, ranks  among  the  oldest  of  W.  C.  T.  U.  workers,  being  one  of  the 
original  crusaders.  She  early  identified  herself  with  the  W.  C.  T.  U., 
and  was  invited  to  travel  as  a  state  worker.  In  1885  she  was  appointed 
National  Superintendent  of  the  Evangelistic  department,  holding  the 
position  for  two  years,  when  she  became  National  Evangelist.  Mrs. 
Palmer  is  a  successful  and  able  exponent  of  gospel  temperance,  and 
wherever  she  goes  meets  with  the  hearty  co-operation  of  pastors  and 
churches,  often  by  invitation  occupying  their  pulpits.  She  has  trav- 
eled over  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  land  the  past  ten  years,  averag- 
ing one  address  each  day. 


/fcat£  SparfcCS  tdbeeler,  author,  poet  and  preacher,  was 
born  in  England  and  when  six  years  of  age,  came  with  her  parents  to 
America.  Her  father  was  a  man  of  rare  intelligence  and  literary  ability. 
She  began  to  write  for  the  press  at  a  very  early  age  ;  is  author  of  "  Poems 
for  the  Fireside"  and  other  works,  and  is  a  frequent  contributor  to 
periodical  literature.  She  is  an  eloquent  and  forcible  speaker,  and  has 
been  eminently  successful  as  an  evangelist.  Her  husband  is  the  Rev. 
Henry  Wheeler,  D.  D.,  of  the  Philadelphia  Conference  of  the  M.  E. 
church,  and  the  two  are  united  in  heart,  life  and  purpose. 


EVANGELISTS.  65 

Ibartiet  2>.  llClalfter,  of  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  is  a  Meth- 
odist Quaker  preacher,  and  was  for  years  an  evangelist  in  New  England. 
Later  on  she  was  for  years  the  capable  and  faithful  secretary  of  the. 
department  of  Prison  and  Police  Statiou  work.  For  the  last  year  or  two 
this  loyal  white  ribboner  has  given  herself  almost  wholly  to  pulpit  and 
platform  work,  in  which  her  devoted  spirit,  ready  sympathies  and  easy 
flow  of  language  make  her  adept. 


/Bits.  jfllbOllfe  /BbC(Bee  Snell  is  one  of  the  many  bright  Southern  wom- 
en whom  the  temperance  work  has  brought  to  the  front.  She  is  a  Missis- 
sippian  and  when  the  editorial  work  of  the  Sword  and  Shield  fell  from 
the  dead  hands  of  the  young  martyr-knight,  Rhoderic  Dim  Gambrell, 
Mrs.  Snell  took  it  up  and  successfully  carried  it  on.  She  has  been  the 
cause  of  a  famous  warfare  in  the  Southern  Presbyterian  church.  Having 
drawn  around  her  a  large  Bible  class,  among  whom  were  men,  she  was 
informed  that  she  must  not  speak  to  them  standing  up,  or  pny,  but  that 
she  would  be  allowed  to  speak  to  them  sitting.  The  petty  persecutions 
connected  with  this  were  so  annoying  that  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Suell  withdrew 
from  membership,  all  of  which  caused  a  stirring  up  among  Southern 
Presbyterians  which  must  be  productive  of  much  good. 


.  1R.  3"»  tTtCgO,  influenced  by  the  culture  and  piety  of  a  Christian 
home,  consecrated  herself  in  early  life  to  the  work  of  saving  humanity. 
Her  first  work  was  among  the  sick.  Then  temperance  work  engaged 
her  attention  and  in  her  own  meetings  she  has  pinned  the  badge  on 
thousands  of  reformed  men,  and  told  them  of  a  personal  Saviour.  As 
lecturer  and  evangelist,  Mrs.  Trego  speaks  from  our  leading  platforms 
and  pulpits,  and  hundred  of  souls  have  been  led  to  Christ  through  her 
efforts. 


.  /IRar.K>  3-.  lUeaver,  of  Batavia,  New  York,  who  is  state  superin- 
tendent of  Evangelistic  work,  as  well  as  one  of  our  National  Evangelists, 
is  a  minister  of  the  Orthodox  Friends  church.  Soon  after  the  death  of 
her  husband,  twenty-eight  years  ago,  she  engaged  in  gospel  temperance 
work,  confining  her  efforts,  until  her  children  were  grown,  to  a  field  near 
her  home.  In  recent  years  she  has  traveled  extensively  and  thousands 
have  been  won  to  Christ  and  to  our  cause  through  her  instrumentality. 
Last  year  her  state  reported  two  thousand  two  hundred  conversipns  as 
the  result  of  the  evangelistic  work  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U. 


66  THUMB  NAII,  SKETCHES. 


.  Bli3abetb  flb.  tmugbton  is  an  Ohio  woman,  was  educated  in 
the  Friends  Academy  and  Earlham  College,  Indiana  ;  was  married  in 
1870  to  Dr.  Richard  E.  Haughton  ;  and  in  1887  removed  to  Texas,  her 
present  home.  She  was  actively  engaged  in  the  crusade,  and  during 
succeeding  years  has  conducted  revival  services,  organized  unions, 
worked  in  church  and  Sunday-school  and  discharged  the  varied  duties 
of  wife  and  mother.  Mrs.  Haughton  was  called  to  preach  when  but  a 
girl,  and  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  opened  up  a  broad  field  for  her  usefulness. 
Her  sweet  face,  clear  tones,  and  eloquent  words  are  a  benediction  to 
those  who  hear  her. 


CbatlOttC  ComStOCfc  <3ra£  was  at  fourteen  years  of  age  an 
earnest  Methodist  and  a  pronounced  temperance  character.  Married  in 
1872,  to  a  wealthy  merchant  in  Albany,  N.  Y.,  she  became  connected 
with  the  charities  of  that  city.  She  is  best  known  to  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  as 
president  of  Albany  Union  ;  superintendent  of  Sunday-school  work  in 
New  York  state  ;  delegate  to  many  State  and  National  meetings ;  and 
graduate  at  Denver  as  evangelist  and  deaconess.  Alone  in  the  world, 
and  suddenly  made  homeless  by  New  York  state  law,  Mrs.  Gray  is  now 
at  the  University  of  Chicago,  where  by  Old  Testament  study  and  contact 
with  the  young  life  of  a  "Girls'  Dormitory,"  she  is  bravely  overcoming 
trouble  and  fitting  herself  for  larger  work. 


fbiBS  CaSSfC  X.  Smitb,  born  in  a  Christian  home,  blessed  with 
Christian  teaching,  and  taught  of  God  in  childhood,  has  been  led  by 
His  hand  all  along  the  way.  She  spent  her  early  womanhood  in  school 
teaching  and  in  music  teaching,  in  1864  received  the  pentecostal  bap- 
tism, and  soon  afterwards  the  divine  call  to  the  work  of  an  evangelist. 
She  entered  upon  this  ministry  with  Lois  I/.  Smith,  and  since  the  heav- 
enly promotion  of  her  comrade  in  1893,  she  has  continued  her  mission, 
in  connection  with  churches  and  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  as  a  joyful  messen- 
ger of  the  King. 


1ReV.  Frances  B.  GOWtlSlCE  was  born  in  Albany,  New  York.  Her 
childhood  was  spent  in  Massachusetts,  her  girlhood  in  Illinois.  She 
became  a  Christian  at  sixteen  years  of  age,  and  after  college  days  at 
Wheaton  and  a  few  terms  of  teaching,  a  call  to  preach  came  to  her — 
clear,  positive,  undoubted.  She  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Shelburne 
Falls  (Massachusetts)  Baptist  church,  in  1874.  As  an  evangelist  she  has 


MARGARET  A.  SUDDUTH. 


EVANGELISTS.  67 

traveled  in  New  England,  New  York  and  the  western  States,  and  in  1885 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Fairfield,  Nebraska.  She 
is  especially  noted  for  her  keen  perceptions,  forceful  utterance  and 
tender  spirit;  is  gifted  in  poetry  as  well  as  in  prose,  and  her  Bible  expo- 
sitions reveal  a  deep  spiritual  insight.  Her  present  home  is  Howell, 
Michigan. 


flbi89  JSlisabetb  P.  (SorDon,  of  Auburndale,  Massachusetts,  is  a 
sister  of  Anna  Gordon  and  has  the  clear,  quick  mind,  the  loyal,  affection- 
ate nature  and  the  indomitable  purpose  which  characterizes  all  members 
of  the  family.  She  was  for  seven  years  corresponding  secretary  and  gen- 
eral organizer  for  the  Massachusetts  W.  C.  T.  U.  and  resigned  her  posi- 
tion in  order  to  recuperate  her  overtaxed  strength.  After  some  years  of 
retirement  from  active  service  she  was  made  National  evangelist.  No 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  regiment  of  the  grand  army  of  the  W.  C. 
T.  U.  is  more  beloved. 


JSlteabetb  Sprague  £obe£,  is  a  direct  descendant  of  John  and 
Pricilla  Alden  who  came  over  in  the  Mayflower.  She  was  born  and 
educated  in  Boston  ;  was  converted  at  twelve  years  of  age,  and  united 
with  the  Trinitarian  Congregational  church  at  thirteen.  She  was  for 
six  years  state  president  of  the  Massachusetts  W.  C.  T.  U.  and  in  1890 
declined  a  renotnination  in  order  to  give  herself  entirely  to  Evangelistic 
work.  She  has  wonderful  power  in  the  wielding  of  the  sword  of  the 
Spirit  and  goes  forth  to  local  unions  or  to  churches  as  she  feels  called  of 
the  Lord. 


Snna  DOWne^,  (A.  M.  S.  T.  B.)  is  the  daughter  of  Chas.  G. 
Downey,  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  Asbury  University,  Greencastle, 
Indiana.  Her  mother  was  a  prominent  leader  in  the  crusade  in  that 
place  and  died  in  the  "picket"  service.  She  graduated  from  Asbury 
University  in  1877 ;  was  for  four  years  Professor  of  Mathematics  in 
Iowa  Wesleyan  University  and  teacher  of  Greek  in  De  Pauw  University. 
Believing  herself  called  of  God  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  she  entered 
the  evangelistic  field  in  1885.  For  nine  months  was  pastor  of  the  M.  E. 
Church  at  Kewanee,  Illinois  (a  privilege  arising  from  the  broken  health 
of  the  regular  pastor) ;  completed  the  course  in  De  Pauw  Theological 
school  in  1893  and  received  the  degree  Bachelor  of  Sacred  Theology ; 
in  1893  became  state  superintendent  Evangelistic  work  in  Illinois ;  in 
1894  a  National  evangelist. 


68  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES 

Sketches  of  the  National  Evangelists,  Mrs.  J.  K.  Barney,  Mrs.  No- 
rinne  I^aw,  and  Mrs.  J.  F.  Willing  will  be  found  on  other  pages. 


THE  WOMAN'S  TEMPERANCE  PUBLISHING 
ASSOCIATION. 


For  sketch  of  Mrs.  Carse,  President  of  the  Woman's  Temperance 
Publishing  Association,  see  page  71. 


rtbargaret  B.  SU&&Utb,  managing  editor  of  The  Union  Sig- 
nal, though  young  in  years,  is  in  point  of  service,  the  senior  editor  upon 
the  staff  of  the  Woman's  Temperance  Publishing  Association.  She  was 
called  in  July  1887  to  a  position  for  which  her  high  and  thorough  educa- 
tion, extensive  travel  abroad,  Christian  temperance  parentage,  personal 
character  and  prohibition  convictions  made  her  pre-eminently  fit.  She 
first  edited  the  Oak  and  Ivy  Leaf,  organ  of  the  Y.  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and 
soon  became  associate  editor  of  The  Union  Signal  also.  In  1892,  on 
her  appointment  as  managing  editor  of  The  Union  Signal,  she  resigned 
her  connection  with  the  young  woman's  paper.  Her  warm  heart  and 
generous  nature  keep  her  constantly  alert  for  opportunities  to  aid  those 
struggling  against  adverse  circumstances,  and  she  is  never  happier  than 
when  helping  some  worthy  young  person  to  higher  aims  and  efforts. 
As  a  writer  she  is  clear,  careful  and  convincing;  as  managing  editor  her 
judgment  is  seldom  at  fault,  her  plans  and  ideas  are  rarely  misunder- 
stood, and  her  executive  ability  is  shown  by  the  accomplishment  of 
a  vast  amount  of  work,  with  the  least  possible  evidence  of  effort.  An 
advocate  of  woman's  progress  in  every  direction,  Miss  Sudduth  is  a  rare 
example  of  the  modest  dignity  which  "  the  new  woman  "  must  take  on 
to  win  respect  and  the  unquestioned  right  to  live  on  an  equality  with 
her  brother  in  public  as  well  as  in  private  life., 


Jennie  B.  Stewart,  editor  of  Young  Women,  and  associate 
editor  of  The  Union  Signal,  is  a  notable  illustration  of  the  developing 
power  of  the  Y.  W.  C.  T.  U.  As  a  home  girl,  devoted  to  her  invalid 


WOMAN'S  TEMPERANCE  PUBLISHING  ASSOCIATION.  69 

mother  and  younger  brothers  and  sister,  she  grew  interested  in  the  Y 
in  her  city,  Toledo,  Ohio,  and  soon  became  its  president.  An  editorial 
position  in  the  W.  T.  P.  A.  was  offered  and  accepted  in  1892,  and  her 
ability  quickly  manifested  itself,  not  only  in  the  production  of  prose 
and  poetry,  but  in  her  conduct  of  the  Oak  and  Ivy  Leaf  (now  Young 
Women}  and  the  management  of  the  children's  department  in  The 
Union  Signal.  Miss  Stewart  is  of  Scotch  ancestry  but  was  born  in  Bos- 
ton, Massachusetts,  and  educated  in  Ohio.  She  combines  the  sturdy, 
substantial  qualities  of  her  nationality  with  the  brightest  of  tempera- 
ments and  a  diversity  of  talents  that  cause  her  to  do  well  and  cheerfully 
any  task  to  which  her  energies  are  turned. 


2l5a  flb.  AelVfllC,  is  an  author  as  well  as  one  of  the  well- 
known  editors  of  the  W.  T.  P.  A.  Her  stories,  which  have  appeared  fre- 
quently in  The  Union  Signal  during  the  past  six  or  seven  years,  have 
received  wide  circulation,  being  copied  in  English  and  Australian 
papers,  as  well  as  in  those  of  the  home  land.  As  editor  of  the  Young 
Crusader,  the  children's  temperance  paper,  and  literary  editor  of  The 
Union  Signal,  she  finds  ample  scope  for  the  exercise  of  her  rare  literary 
talents.  Miss  Melville  is  a  Canadian  by  birth,  but  Minnesota  was  her 
later  home  and  place  of  education.  She  has  been  associated  with  the 
W.  T.  P.  A.  five  years,  and  so  versatile  is  her  genius  and  so  ready  her 
assistance  that  she  long  ago  became  one  of  the  "  indispensables  "  on  the 
editorial  staff. 


.  Clara  C.  Cbapin,  editor  of  Books  and  Leaflets  and  one  of  the 
associate  editors  of  The  Union  Signal,  is  of  English  birth  and  education, 
trained  in  total  abstinence  principles  from  early  childhood.  She  was 
first  led  into  public  work  during  the  woman  suffrage  amendment  cam- 
paign in  Nebraska,  which  state  was  her  home  for  fourteen  years.  Later 
she  joined  the  white-ribbon  forces,  serving  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  of  that  state 
as  district  president  and  organizer.  Her  chief  work,  however,  has  been 
along  the  line  of  Press  work.  Upon  removal  to  Chicago  in  1892,  she 
began  contributing  to  the  daily  papers  and  to  The  Union  Signal,  con- 
tinuing as  editorial  writer  on  the  latter  until  called  by  the  W.  T.  P.  A. 
to  her  present  position  in  1894. 


.  Caroline  JF.  <5rOW,  Business  Manager  of  the  Woman's  Tem- 
peranre  Publishing  Association,  is  a  native  of  Rhode  Island.  She  grad- 
uated from  Wheat  on  Female  Seminary  in  Norton,  Massachusetts,  in  1855, 


70  THUMB   NAIL  SKETCHES. 

and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  became  Associate  Principal  of  the  Female 
Seminary  at  Stamford,  Connecticut.  Her  married  life  was  spent  in  Chi- 
cago and  after  her  husband's  death  she  received  practical  business  train- 
ing as  executrix  of  his  estate.  She  has  had  wide  business  experience, 
and  under  her  management  the  W.  T.  P.  A.  has  won  for  itself  an  enviable 
reputation  in  Chicago  business  circles.  But  Mrs.  Grow  is  not  a  business 
woman  alone  ;  she  is  a  woman  who  in  early  life  heard  the  call  of  God 
and  devoted  herself  to  His  service.  In  her  are  blended  to  an  unusual 
degree  both  the  cool  head  and  the  warm  heart,  each  broadened  and 
deepened  through  the  upward  look  toward  God  and  the  outward  look 
upon  humanity. 


IRubB  U.  Gilbett,  vhom  Miss  Willard  rightly  denominate 
the  "stanch  and  true,"  must  be  counted  among  the  many  jewels 
grouped  in  the  setting  of  the  W.  T.  P.  A.  Her  father  was  for  more  than 
fifty  years  a  Baptist  minister  well  known  and  loved.  Miss  Gilbert  was 
born  in  Western  New  York,  but  came  to  Illinois  at  an  early  age,  where 
she  taught  for  several  years.  More  than  ten  years  ago  she  came  to  the 
Woman's  Temperance  Publishing  Association  as  cashier  and  book- 
keeper and  has  remained  ever  since  in  this  responsible  and  exacting 
position,  proving  herself  a  veritable  tower  of  strength. 


BUSINESS  OFFICE. 


MISS  JENNIE  A.  STEWART. 


TEMPERANCE  HOSPITAL. 


MRS.  CAROLINE  F.  GROW. 


MATILDA  B.  CAKSE. 


NATIONAL   TEMPERANCE   HOSPITAL. 


The  National  Temperance  Hospital  was  founded  to  demonstrate  the 
principle  that  alcohol  is  not  necessary  as  a  remedial  agent ;  and  it  is 
doing  its  work  well.  The  building  is  located  at  No.  1619  Diversey  ave- 
nue, four  blocks  from  the  lake  and  three  from  Lincoln  Park,  has  all 
modern  conveniences,  and  is  beautifully  furnished.  In  connection  with 
the  Hospital  is  a  training  school  for  nurses,  which  is  doing  a  grand  work 
in  training  young  women  to  nurse  patients  in  accordance  with  the  prin- 
ciples of  non-alcoholic  medication. 


fblB,  fb.  J£t.  Hvlfne,  President  of  the  National  Temperance  Hospital 
Board,  brings  to  that  position  many  qualifications  both  as  a  business 
woman  and  an  experienced  W.  C.  T.  U.  worker.  Left  a  childless  widow 
when  quite  young  and  having  a  natural  turn  for  business,  she  gave  her 
attention  to  mercantile  pursuits.  From  the  very  inception  of  the  W.  C. 
T.  U.  its  work  engaged  her  heart  and  mind,  and  going  to  Dakota  in  its 
territorial  days  her  work  made  a  deep  impress  for  good  upon  that  com- 
monwealth. Coming  to  Chicago  she  identified  herself  with  the  cause 
there.  Her  strong  business  sense,  her  promptness  and  fertility  of  re- 
source are  no  unimportant  factors  in  the  success  of  the  Hospital. 


b.  flb.  "l)ObbS  is  Vice-President  of  the  Hospital  Board  and  to 
her  devotion  is  due  much  of  the  success  of  that  institution.  She  has 
held  responsible  positions  in  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  local,  state  and  National. 
To  her  persistency  and  faithfulness  as  chairman  of  the  committee  which 
set  on  foot  the  Police  Matron  work  in  Chicago  is  largely  due  the  success 
of  this  movement.  Mrs.  Hobbs  is  an  executive  officer  of  many  charita- 
ble and  educational  institutions,  and  has  recently  presented  to  the  Dea- 
coness' Home  of  the  Methodist  church  the  Deaconess'  Orphanage  at 
Lake  Bluff,  Illinois.  A  woman  of  generous  impulses  and  kindly  Chris- 
tian character,  she  is  highly  honored  and  respected  in  her  various  fields 
of  labor. 


.  CallSta  JSiciClOXV,  Treasurer  of  the  Hospital  is  a  woman  pre- 
eminently fitted  for  this  important  position,  having  a  "business  head 
on  her  shoulders  "  that  would  have  made  her  fortune  had  she  devoted 
herself  to  practical  affairs.  The  institution  is  to  be  congratulated  upon 
securing  one  so  gifted  and  accurate  to  care  for  its  finances. 

(71) 


THE  TEMPERANCE  TEMPLE. 


flbrs.  flfcatflDa  316.  Carse,  President  of  the  Board  of  Temple  Trustees, 
is  known  the  world  over  as  our  Temple  builder.  A  Scotch-Irish  ances- 
try, a  Presbyterian  training,  American  environments — these  were  the 
factors  which  entered  into  the  make-up  of  the  character  needed  to 
carry  the  crusade  fire  into  the  realm  of  figures  and  finance.  Mrs.  Carse 
is  a  worthy  descendant  of  a  family  that  has  always  been  arrayed  on  the 
side  of  philanthropy  and  reform,  and  is  withal  a  typical  Chicagoan, 
having  lived  in  that  city  almost  continually  since  1858.  Her  husband, 
Thomas  Carse,  was  a  railroad  manager  in  Louisville,  Kentucky,  during 
the  civil  war.  He  died  in  Paris  in  1870,  leaving  Mrs.  Carse  with  three 
boys  under  seven  years  of  age.  The  youngest  of  these  was  in  1874  run 
over  by  a  wagon  driven  by  a  beer-soaked  German  and  instantly  killed. 
His  tragic  death  caused  his  mother  to  devote  her  life  to  the  alleviation 
of  the  poor  and  suffering,  especially  among  children.  She  has  been 
president  of  the  Chicago  Central  Union  since  1878,  started  the  first  stock 
company  composed  entirely  of  women — the  Woman's  Temperance  Pub- 
lishing Association— and  has  been  its  president  and  financial  backer 
from  its  inception.  In  1885  she  began  planning  for  the  Temperance 
Temple,  National  headquarters  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  which  was  completed 
in  1892  at  a  cost  of  $1,200,000.  Besides  the  various  charities  supported 
by  the  Chicago  Central  W.  C.  T.  U.,  Mrs.  Carse  is  actively  interested  in 
many  outside  philanthropies,  and  her  name  is  always  eagerly  sought  by 
benevolent  societies  and  charitable  boards.  Personally  Mrs.  Carse  is  a 
woman  possessing  in  large  degree,  what  we  are  wont  to  call  "personal 
magnetism."  Few  people,  men  or  women,  are  able  to  resist  her  charm 
of  manner,  and  the  times  she  does  not  get  what  she  asks  for  are  few 
indeed.  She  has  been  accused  of  having  a  dominant  will ;  but  had  she 
been  less  persistent,  insistent  and  resistant  the  Temperance  Temple 
would  never  have  taken  root  on  terra-firma.  Miss  Willard  says  of  her  : 
"  For  a  woman  of  faith,  fortitude  and  fervor,  with  financial  genius  and 
motherly  tenderness  of  heart,  I  do  not  know  where  we  should  find  her 
match." 


Sara  (3.  JcbnSOn,  the  Temple's  Financial  Secretary,  comes 
from  Boston,  and  since  1892  has  devoted  herself  to  the  enterprise.  Of 
Scotch  ancestry  she  possesses  sturdy  resolution  and  strict  honesty, 
while  a  pleasing  address,  executive  skill  and  great  faithfulness  to  duty 
make  her  a  model  secretary,  and  win  for  her  the  love  of  all  who  come 
into  business  or  social  relations  with  her. 

(72) 


THE  TEMPLE,  CHICAGO. 


Great  Britain. 

Organized  1876. 

GENERAL  OFFICERS. 


LADY  HENRY  SOMERSET. 

President. 

The  sketch  of  the  President  of  the  British  Women's  Temperance  As- 
sociation will  be  found  on  page  4. 


MRS.  EVA  MCLAREN. 

Vice-  President. 

Mrs.  McLaren  is  also  World's  Superintendent  of  Franchise  and  her 
sketch  will  be  found  on  page  19. 


MRS.  AUKLAND. 
Corresponding  Secretary. 

Mrs.  Aukland  has  long  been  actively  engaged  in  work  for  the  Na- 
tional British  Women's  Temperance  Association  in  which  she  takes  the 
greatest  interest.  She  is  president  of  more  than  one  social  society  and 
gives  much  of  her  time  to  presiding  at  and  addressing  meetings  on  va- 
rious phases  of  woman's  work  for  temperance.  Mrs.  Aukland  originated 
a  scheme  for  collecting  a  thousand  guineas  for  the  National  funds,  and 
has  written  numbers  of  letters  for  the  cause  of  temperance.  During  the 
pledge-signing  crusade  she  sent  out  over  two  thousand  pledge  books  and 
has  been  successful  in  getting  many  signatures. 


MRS.  PEARSALL  SMITH. 

Recording  Secretary. 

This  sketch  will  be  found  under  the  heading  of  "  Hannah  Whitall 
Smith"  on  page  12. 

(73) 


74  THUMB  NAII,  SKETCHES. 

MISS  MARY  GORHAM. 
Treasurer. 

Miss  Gorhatn's  energy  and  enthusiasm  in  the  white-ribbon  move- 
ment is  almost  unrivaled.  Besides  being  treasurer  of  the  National 
B.  W.  T.  A.  she  is  also  superintendent  of  the  Evangelistic  depart- 
ment. She  travels  incessantly,  holding  evangelistic  missions  and  meet- 
ings in  the  interest  of  the  work  throughout  the  country.  Miss  Gorham 
has  organized  about  eighty  gospel  missions,  necessitating  the  writing  of 
some  thousands  of  letters.  She  was  also  successful  in  organizing  a  col- 
lecting crusade  throughout  the  Association  whereby  £1,000  was  raised 
by  the  Branches  for  the  Industrial  Farm  Home.  It  is  chiefly  through 
her  efforts  that  two  hundred  pulpits  were  opened  to  temperance  women 
in  connection  with  the  great  convention  of  the  World's  W.  C.  T.  U., 
1895- 


MISS  GERTRUDE  HUNT. 
Office  Secretary. 

All  the  official  business  connected  with  the  work  of  the  National 
B.  W.  T.  A.  goes  through  Miss  Hunt's  hands.  The  responsibility  con- 
nected with  the  office  makes  considerable  demand  upon  her  time  and 
thought ;  but  her  knowledge  and  special  ability  for  the  position  is  ac- 
knowledged by  her  co-workers,  and  those  who  understand  all  that  official 
work  entails  on  the  staff  at  headquarters. 


OTHER  B.  W.  T.  A.  WORKERS. 


f)den  X.  f)OOD  ably  fills  the  important  office  of  Superintend- 
ent of  Organization.  She  has  a  genius  for  this  department  of  work,  and 
has  traveled  many  miles  throughout  Great  Britain  and  compassed  a  vast 
amount  of  correspondence  in  her  efforts  to  organize  new  branches.  She 
is  ambitious  to  see  the  map  of  England  in  her  office  covered  in  every 
county  with  the  little  white-headed  pins  which  denote  B.  W.  T.  A. 
Branches  in  active  work  for  the  white-ribbon  cause. 


f)0n.  /fcrs.  JSerttanO  "Russell  is  the  General  Secretary  of  the 
Young  Woman's  Branch,  and  has  inspired  the  young  British  women  with 


GREAT  BRITAIN.  75 

faith  and  enthusiasm  in  the  white-ribbon  cause  throughout  England. 
Mrs.  Russell  is  the  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pearsall  Smith,  and  is  a 
graduate  of  Bryn  Mawr  College,  Philadelphia,  U.  S.  A. 


Pbtlip0,  of  Tottenham,  Superintendent  of  the  Legal  depart- 
ment, is  a  Quaker  lady  well  known  for  the  keen  interest  she  has  always 
taken  in  the  temperance  question,  and  her  courageous  and  successful 
efforts  to  bring  about  the  enforcement  of  existing  laws  in  relation  to  the 
liquor  trade.  On  one  occasion  she  gave  information  against  a  publican 
whom  she  believed  sold  intoxicants  to  a  drunken  man.  For  this  she 
was  arraigned  as  a  malicious  persecutor  and  spy  in  the  court  of  Mr. 
Justice  Wills.  Miss  Philips  was  her  own  sole  witness  and  gained  a  ver- 
dict with  costs,  thus  securing  victory  for  the  cause  of  woman  and  tem- 
perance. 


JBamfOtJ)  Slack,  the  wife  of  a  leading  London  solicitor,  has 
the  Political  department  under  her  care  and  has  shown  marked  ability 
in  this  important  office.  She  brings  to  her  work  profound  thought  and 
unceasing  energy  and  has  already  proved  herself  to  be  a  successful  prop- 
agandist of  temperance  principles  in  politics. 


.  $3af  IbacbC  has  done  untiring  work  in  the  cause  of  Social  Purity 
and  is  the  superintendent  for  this  department  in  the  National  B.  W. 
T.  A.  Her  London  Home  for  Women  has  under  her  management 
attained  success. 


.  ©tltliStOfl  Cbatlt  f  whose  eloquent  lectures  on  social  and  literary 
subjects  have  made  her  famous  in  England  and  America,  is  a  member  of 
the  National  Executive  Committee  of  the  B.  W.  T.  A.  Mrs.  Chant  has 
published  a  book  called  "Verona,  and  Other  Poems"  and  a  charming 
book  of  "  Action  Songs"  for  children,  and  has  also  preached  from  scores 
of  prominent  pulpits  in  both  countries.  Her  devoted  energies  and 
effective  addresses  in  the  interests  of  purity  in  personal  life  and  in  pub- 
lic amusements,  have  done  much  to  help  form  a  better  public  opinion. 
In  leading  the  crusade  against  the  license  and  promenade  of  the  Empire 
Music  Hall  in  London,  Mrs.  Chant  won  a  moral  victory  and  vindicated 
the  right  of  women  to  be  heard  on  public  questions,  which  affect  all, 
irrespective  of  class  or  sex. 


76  THDMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 


POOlC,  Superintendent  of  the  Press  and  Literature  de- 
partment of  the  National  B.  W.  T.  A.  ,  has  also  filled  the  office  of  assist- 
ant recording  secretary,  and  occasionally  lectures  in  the  interests  of 
white-ribbon  work.  Mrs.  Poole  is  one  of  the  most  genial  members  of 
the  association  and  her  presence  at  headquarters  helps  to  make  all  white- 
ribbon  women  welcome. 


Florence  aSalgamie,  who  is  a  member  of  the  National  Ex- 
ecutive of  the  B.  W.  T.  A.,  has  been  officially  connected  with  the  asso- 
ciation since  the  reorganization  in  1893,  and  holds  the  position  of  Super- 
intendent for  the  department  of  Police  Matrons.  Her  energetic  efforts 
in  this  work  have  resulted  in  drawing  public  attention  to  the  question, 
and  securing  the  promise  of  the  Home  Government  to  establish  the 
office  of  Police  Matron  in  London  Police  Courts.  She  has  ably  advo- 
cated the  cause  of  temperance  and  woman  suffrage  on  the  platform 
and  in  the  press. 


.  Osbom  has  done  admirable  work  in  organizing  and  success- 
fully carrying  on  the  Lecture  Bureau.  Besides  this  important  line  of 
work,  she  has  established  a  Lantern  Lecture  which  is  now  in  much  de- 
mand. The  lecture  gives  the  rise  and  progress  of  the  Woman's  Tem- 
perance Movement  accompanied  by  excellent  slides. 


.  ZlftliC  "fciCfcS,  who  is  the  Secretary  of  the  Rope  Makers'  Union, 
is  an  indefatigable  white-ribbon  worker.  She  has  done  much  to  arouse 
the  interest  of  women  in  the  cause  of  woman  workers  and  jnst  wages. 
She  is  a  forceful  and  earnest  speaker,  and  through  her  influence  there 
is  a  growing  good  understanding  between  the  temperance  and  labor 
movements  in  England. 


pblltpps  is  one  of  the  leading  women  in  the 
Woman's  Liberal  Federation  and  also  one  of  the  most  eloquent  speakers 
in  England.  She  is  a  member  of  the  National  Executive  Committee 
of  the  B.  W.  T.  A.  and  a  strong  supporter  of  woman  suffrage. 


flM00  BnnfC  B.  1>Ol&0WOrtb  is  the  talented  co-editor  with  Lady 
Henry  Somerset  of  the  Woman's  Signal.  Her  literary  ability  is  re- 
markable and  her  reputation  growing.  She  has  written  several  novels 
and  bids  fair  to  win  a  name  among  contemporary  novelists. 


GREAT  BRITAIN.  77 


"RoSSitCt  THUiUarfc,  the  able  and  experienced  manager  of  the 
Woman's  Signal,  is  also  managing  editor  of  the  Woman's  Signal  Bud- 
get. Her  rare  business  ability  and  keen  insight,  accompanied  by  an 
affable  manner,  have  made  her  not  only  successful  in  her  department 
but  greatly  esteemed  by  British  women. 


WHITE  RIBBON  LEADERS  IN  SCOTLAND. 

The  Scottish  Christian  U-nion  of  the  National  B.  W.  T.  A.  has 
branches  extending  throughout  Scotland.  Its  work  is  on  the  depart- 
mental system,  and  has  brought  many  loyal  and  capable  women  to  the 
front  rank  of  workers.  Space  will  not  permit  mention  of  all  our  Scot- 
tish comrades  but  foremost  among  them  is  their  much  loved  President, 


JBlacftfC,  who  is  the  wife  of  the  distinguished  Theological 
Professor  in  Edinburgh  and  whose  work  of  love  for  the  temperance 
cause  has  endeared  her  to  many  of  her  sisters  in  England  as  in  Scotland. 
Mrs.  Blackie  celebrated  her  golden  wedding  in  May  this  year,  1895,  and 
received  many  loyal  greetings  of  love  and  esteem  from  her  friends. 


SbiSQ  Xee0,  of  Edinburgh  and  flfcr.0.  flMllatt  Secretary  of  the  Scot- 
tish Christian  Union,  are  leaders  in  the  temperance  movement  in  Scot- 
land and  widely  known  for  their  devoted  labors  in  the  woman's  cause. 
They  are  members  of  the  National  Executive  of  the  B.  W.  T.  A. 


The  British  Women's   Temperance  Association    has  the  following 
affiliated  interests : 

1.  The   Woman's  Signal,  editor-in-chief,    Lady  Henry  Somerset  ; 
corresponding  editor,  Miss  Frances  E.  Willard  ;  assistant  editor,  Miss 
Annie  E.  Holdsworth.     Offices  33  and  34  Memorial  Hall,  Farringdon 
St.,  London,  E.  C. 

2.  The  White  Ribbon  Publishing  Company,  Limited,  with  office  at 
Memorial  Hall. 

3.  The  Industrial  Farm  Home  for  inebriate  women,  an  enterprise 
that  had  its  inception  on  the  twentieth  anniversary  of  the  Crusade. 

4.  St.  Mary's  Training  Home  for  girls,  at  Reigate. 

5.  Alpha  House,  Preventive  and  Rescue  Home,  45  Hanley  Road, 
London,  N. 


78  THUMB   NAIL  SKETCHES. 

Canada. 

Organized  f88j. 
GENERAL  OFFICERS. 


MRS.  LETITIA  YOUMANS. 
Honorary  President. 

The  white  ribbon  standard  was  first  planted  on  Canadian  soil  by  that 
heroic  pioneer,  Mrs.  Letitia  Youmans,  who  was  first  president  of  the 
Dominion  W.  C.  T.  U.  and  is  still  its  beloved  Honorary  President.  She 
was  born  in  West  Northumberland  County,  Ontario,  in  1827,  and  spent 
her  childhood  and  youth  on  a  Canadian  farm,  experiencing  all  the 
rigors  and  privations  of  pioneer  life.  Her  thirst  for  knowledge  was 
intense  and  when  at  the  age  of  sixteen  a  ladies'  school  was  opened  in 
the  town  of  Coburg,  to  her  great  joy  she  was  permitted  to  enter.  The 
following  years  were  occupied  in  incessant  application  to  study,  and 
after  graduation  three  years  were  spent  in  teaching.  In  1850  she  mar- 
ried and  returned  to  rural  life,  finding  at  this  time,  however,  abundant 
scope  for  every  natural  and  acquired  talent,  in  a  family  of  eight  mother- 
less children  and  a  neighborhood  destitute  of  educational  advantages. 
When  the  Crusade  swept  over  the  states  she  longed  for  something  of  the 
kind  to  reach  Canada,  though  her  conservative  nature  scarcely  approved 
of  women  singing  and  praying  in  the  streets  and  in  the  saloons.  After- 
wards, meeting  leading  crusaders  at  Chautauqua,  she  saw  they  were 
not  obtrusive,  uncultured  women,  as  she  had  supposed,  and  hearing 
from  their  own  lips  the  wonderful  stories  of  answered  prayer,  returned 
home  full  of  the  sacred  fire,  to  devote  heart  and  brain  to  the  destruction 
of  the  destroyer  in  her  native  land.  For  eighteen  years  she  continued 
an  indefatigable  worker,  well  known  and  loved  on  both  sides  of  the 
border,  nnd  then  was  called  aside  to  the  sick-room  whence  she  pathet- 
ically %vrites  :  "As  I  lie  on  a  bed  of  suffering  my  prayer  is,  wash  this 
darkest  blot  from  our  country's  flag;."  At  the  earnest  request  of  white- 
ribboners  in  Canada  and  the  United  States,  Mrs.  Youmans  has  published 
a  book,  "  Campaign  Echoes,"  which  is  at  once  a  most  interesting  autobi- 
ography and  a  valuable  history  of  the  temperance  movement  in  Canada. 


MRS.  LETITIA  YOUMANS. 


CANADA.  79 

The  sketch  of  Mrs.  Ella  F.  M.  Williams,  the  "loved  and  lost"  Pres- 
ident of  the  Dominion  W.  C.  T.  U.,  will  be  found  among  those  of  other 
promoted  comrades  on  another  page. 


HARRIET  T.  TODD. 
Vice- President. 

Mrs.  Harriet  T.  Todd  was  born  of  New  England  parentage  in  the 
state  of  Illinois.  Before  she  was  three  years  old  the  family  returned 
to  New  York  City,  where  she  lived  until  her  marriage  with  Wm.  H. 
Todd,  M.  D.,  of  St.  Stephen,  New  Brunswick.  Early  in  the  year  1878 
a  W.  C.  T.  Union  was  organized  in  that  town  ;  Mrs.  Todd  ,was  chosen 
president,  and  filled  that  position  for  several  years.  Six  times  she  was 
elected  president  of  the  Maritime  W.  C.  T.  U.,  resigning  on  account  of 
severe  illness.  In  1892  she  was  called  to  the  vice-presidency  of  the  Do- 
minion, and  is  now  serving  the  Union  for  the  third  time  in  that  impor- 
tant capacity. 


MISS  TILLEY. 
Corresponding  Secretary. 

Miss  Tilley,  of  Toronto,  has  been  for  years  the  corresponding  secre- 
tary of  the  Dominion  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and  one  of  its  "  towers  of  strength." 
She  is  the  daughter  of  the  celebrated  Sir  Leonard  Tilley,  for  many  years 
Governor  of  New  Brunswick  and  Minister  of  Finance,  and  for  over  forty 
years  the  most  prominent  man  in  temperance  work  in  Canada. 


MRS.  A.  O.  RUTHERFORD. 
Recording  Secretary. 

Mrs.  Rutherford,  of  Toronto,  is  in  point  of  service  one  of  the  oldest 
of  Canadian  white-ribboners.  She  is  vice-president  of  the  Ontario  W. 
C.  T.  U.,  and  has  been  recording  secretary  of  the  Dominion  since  its 
organization.  The  Ontario  act  of  1887  providing  for  the  teaching  of 
temperance  in  the  schools  passed  while  she  was  superintendent  of  the 
department  of  Scientific  Temperance  Instruction.  Mrs.  Rutherford  also 
organized  the  work  among  sailors,  and  was  i  s  superintendent  for  one 
year. 


8O  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 

MRS.  TILTON. 
Treasurer. 

Mrs.  Tilton,  of  Ottawa,  is  the  wife  of  a  leading  representative  of 
the  government,  and  has,  from  the  first  visit  of  Miss  Willard  to  Ottawa 
in  1881,  been  a  devoted  champion  of  the  white-ribbon  movement. 


PROVINCIAL  PRESIDENTS. 


.  JE&ftb  3".  SrCbtbalD,  of  Halifax,  presides  over  the  three  prov- 
inces, Nova  Scotia,  New  Brunswick  and  Prince  Edward  Island,  which 
are  federated  as  the  Maritime  Union.  She  is  the  daughter  of  Sir  Ed- 
ward Archibald,  for  nearly  twenty-six  years  British  Consul -General  in 
New  York  City  ;  was  educated  partly  in  New  York  and  partly  in  Eng- 
land, and  was  married  in  1874  to  T.  D.  Archibald,  of  Cape  Breton,  a 
distant  connection  and  owner  of  one  of  the  largest  collieries  on  the 
island.  It  was  here  among  the  employe's  that  Mrs.  Archibald  learned 
the  significance  of  the  liquor  curse  and  was  led  into  temperance  work. 
Becoming  associated  with  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and  her  comrades  quickly 
discovering  and  appreciating  her  worth  and  capabilities,  she  was  rapidly 
pushed  to  the  front.  A  woman  of  rare  attainments  in  music,  art  and 
literature,  Mrs.  Archibald  devotes  all  her  varied  talents  to  the  cause 
of  reform.  She  was  the  first  leader  in  those  provinces  to  speak  and  write 
for  woman  suffrage.  Mrs.  Archibald  is  the  originator  of  the  familiar 
expression  "  organized  mother  love,"  as  applied  to  the  W.  C.-T.  U. 


1R.  ^TbOrnteS,  President  of  Ontario,  is  a  Canadian  by 
birth,  but  on  her  marriage  went  to  the  United  States  where  she  became 
a  prominent  W.  C.  T.  U.  worker.  Returning  to  Canada  a  few  years 
later,  she  threw  herself  with  enthusiasm  into  the  work  there,  and  as 
president  of  the  London  (Ontario)  Union  raised  the  membership  in  one 
year  from  a  very  small  number  to  one  hundred  and  fifty.  As  superin- 
tendent of  Schools  of  Method  she  rendered  valuable  aid  to  the  cause. 


OblS.  Elf3abetb  AMftMCtOn,  Honorary  President  of  the  Quebec 
Union,  was  born  in  Yorkshire,  England,  1814.  She  has  taken  an  active 
interest  in  the  Provincial  Union  since  its  formation  in  1883,  and  was  its 


CANADA.  8l 

first  president.  During  her  five  years  term  of  office  the  sixteen  unions 
grew  into  sixty-eight,  a  result  only  accomplished  by  great  labor  and 
self-denial  on  her  part.  She  traveled  the  length  and  breadth  of  the 
English-speaking  settlements  in  the  interests  of  the  work.  It  was  only 
after  a  severe  illness  that  she  relinquished  the  more  active  office,  but  as 
honorary  president  the  unions  still  feel  her  influence  and  continue  to 
seek  her  counsel. 


J£.  SanJ>erSOtt,  President  of  the  Province  of  Quebec,  is 
English  by  birth,  but  Canadian  by  training.  Reared  under  the  priva- 
tions and  hardships  of  a  pioneer  settlement  of  Western  Outario,  that 
strength  of  character  which  has  pervaded  all  her  after  life  was  devel- 
oped. As  the  wife  of  a  prominent  Congregational  minister  (recently 
deceased)  Mrs.  Sanderson  has  for  many  years  been  engaged  in  active 
Christian  work  in  the  provinces  of  Ontario  and  Quebec.  Her  first  intro- 
duction into  temperance  work  was  in  1883.  She  has  served  as  local  and 
county  president,  aud  at  the  convention  held  in  Montreal  in  1889  was 
elected  president  of  the  Provincial  Union.  She  has  ever  since  devoted 
much  time  and  energy  to  consolidating  the  work.  Mrs.  Sanderson  makes 
an  excellent  presiding  officer,  believing  as  she  has  stated,  in  "just 
enough  red  tape  to  keep  things  together. ' ' 


.  IP.  j£.  IRuttan,  President  of  Manitoba,  is  by  birth  a  Canadian, 
the  daughter  of  a  Methodist  Episcopal  minister ;  was  educated  at  the 
Hamilton  Ladies'  College  and  the  Normal  School  at  Toronto ;  was  mar- 
ried in  1873,  and  with  her  husband  went  to  the  prairie  province  from 
Outario  in  1879.  Mrs.  Ruttan  has  been  a  W.  C.  T.  U.  worker  since  1888, 
when  Miss  Lilian  Phelps  organized  in  Manitou,  a  town  which  is  now 
known  as  a  stronghold  of  temperance.  Manitoba  was  the  first  province 
to  carry  the  plebiscite  and  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  was  no  unimportant  factor 
in  the  making  of  the  prohibition  sentiment  which  brought  about  that 
result. 


.  C.  SpOffOtfc,  President  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  British  Columbia, 
is  a  native  of  Nova  Scotta,  but  with  her  parents  removed  seven  years 
ago  to  British  Columbia,  where  she  became  a  teacher.  She  has  been  in 
the  W.  C.  T.  U.  work  from  its  beginning  in  the  province,  occupying  vari- 
ous positions  ;  was  its  first  corresponding  secretary,  its  second  president 
(when  only  twenty-four  years  of  age),  president  of  the  Y's  and  twice 


82  THUMB   NAIL  SKETCHES. 

president  of  the  local  union  of  Victoria  where  she  resides  ;  has  been  cor- 
responding secretary  of  the  managing  board  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  Refuge 
Home  ever  since  its  establishment  and  is  a  leader  in  church  and  Sunday- 
school  work.  As  a  presiding  officer  she  excels  ;  as  a  speaker  she  is 
clear  and  concise,  engaging  in  manner,  possessing  an  unusually  good 
voice.  Mrs.  Spofford's  marked  executive  ability  specially  qualifies 
her  as  a  leader,  and  she  seems  equally  well  fitted  for  any  position  she 
occupies.  This  is  due  to  her  boundless  energy,  for  she  believes  that 
"  what  is  worth  doing  at  all,  is  worth  doing  well." 


OTHER  CANADIAN  WORKERS. 


fbiSS  Xtllan  PbelpS,  of  St.  Catharines,  Ontario,  has  achieved  an 
enviable  reputation  as  a  speaker.  She  is  of  New  England  ancestry  ;  was 
educated  in  St.  Catharine's  Collegiate  Institute  and  in  the  Philadelphia 
School  of  Oratory,  taking  the  degree  of  B.  O.  She  was  first  Secretary 
of  Ontario  W.  C.  T.  U.  and  has  been  in  active  service  ever  since,  her 
time  now  being  wholly  occupied  in  the  lecture  field.  Miss  Phelps  was 
World's  Fair  Commissioner  for  the  Dominion  W.  C.  T.  tF. 


JBarber  comes  of  English  parentage.  Owing  to  an  accident 
in  her  ninth  year  she  has  always  had  extremely  delicate  health,  but 
seldom  has  there  been  a  life  so  full  of  devoted  service  for  others.  For 
three  years  superintendent  of  Dominion  Evangelistic  work,  she  re- 
signed in  order  to  devote  her  whole  time  to  the  more  pressing  needs 
of  Provincial  and  local  work.  As  superintendent  of  Social  Purity,  hun- 
dreds of  girls  have  taken  the  temperance  and  purity  pledge  from  her 
hands.  Endowed  by  nature  with  a  manner  which  melts  the  most  har- 
dened, and  a  voice  of  rare  sympathetic  quality,  Miss  Barber  has  been 
very  successful  in  dealing  with  that  class  of  unfortunate  women  often  so 
hard  to  influence. 


Sanet  B.  BOUCiall,  County  President  for  Hochelaga  County, 
in  which  Montreal  with  its  seven  W.  and  three  Y  unions  is  situated, 
is  the  daughter  of  the  late  John  Dougall,  who  came  from  Scotland  in 
1826,  and  early  became  a  leader  in  temperance  work,  editing  the  Canada 
Temperance  Advocate  and  lecturing  through  the  country.  In  1846  he 
published  the  Montreal  Witness  and  later  the  Northern  Messenger.  To 


OFFICERS.  83 

the  work  of  these  widely  circulated  papers  for  half  a  century  is  un- 
doubtedly due  much  of  the  enlightened  temperance  sentiment  of  Can- 
ada, as  shown  in  the  recent  plebiscites.  Mr.  Dougall  founded  the  New 
York  Witness  in  1870  and  afterwards  Sabbath  Reading.  Almost  be- 
fore school  years  were  over  Miss  Dougall  took  up  various  departments 
of  editorial  work  on  these  and  other  publications.  She  has  been  one  of 
the  leaders  of  the  Quebec  organization  from  the  first,  was  for  seven 
years  president  of  the  Montreal  Union  before  it  was  divided  and  has 
occupied  a  number  of  positions  in  local,  Provincial  and  Dominion  W.  C. 
T.  U.  work. 


/IM00  SCOtt,  of  Ottawa,  editor  of  The  Woman's  Journal,  the  white- 
ribbon  organ  of  Canada,  is  a  young  woman  of  great  enterprise  and  spe- 
cial journalistic  talent.  She  was  first  superintendent  of  Young  Woman's 
Work  in  Ontario,  and  for  three  years  has  been  superintendent  of  Liter- 
ature. She  is  a  clever  and  witty  speaker  and  writer  and  a  white-ribbon 
leader  of  much  influence. 


Hawaiian  Hslanfcs, 

Organized  188$. 

MRS.  M.  S.  R.  WHITNEY. 

President. 

Mrs.  Mary  S.  Rice  Whitney  is  an  American  by  birth  and  education. 
Her  father,  Lewis  L.  Rice,  was  for  many  years  a  prominent  antislavery 
editor  in  northern  Ohio.  She  is  a  graduate  of  Oberlin  College.  In 
1869  she  married  Dr.  J.  M.  Whitney,  and  they  went  to  Honolulu, 
Hawaiian  Islands,  where  they  have  since  resided,  with  the  exception 
of  a  few  years  spent  in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  When  Mrs.  Leavitt  organized 
her  first  foreign  W.  C.  T.  U.  in  Honolulu,  November,  1884,  Mrs.  Whit- 
ney was  unanimously  chosen  president  of  the  society,  a  position  she 
has  filled  acceptably  to  the  present  time.  Mrs.  Whitney  is  "given  to 
hospitality."  Situated  as  Honolulu  is  in  the  cross-roads  of  the  Pacific, 
she  often  has  opportunity  to  entertain  temperance  and  missionary 
workers  on  their  way  to  or  from  Australia  and  Asia  and  such  are 
always  sure  of  a  hearty  welcome  from  that  isolated  but  energetic  little 
communitv. 


84  THUMB   NAIL  SKETCHES. 

Uapan. 

Organized  1886. 

The  President  of  Japan,  W.  C.  T.  U.,  Mrs.  Kaji  Yajima,  is  one  of 
those  whose  sketches  are  regretfully  omitted.  We  take  pleasure,  how- 
ever, iu  presenting  to  our  readers  another  white-ribbon  leader  of  the 
Sunrise  land. 


is  well  known  at  American  headquarters.  She  is 
the  daughter  of  a  Japanese  nobleman,  who  during  the  War  of  the  Res- 
toration fought  on  the  side  .of  the  Shoguu,  and  for  this  reason  was 
deprived  of  his  nobility  and  estates  by  the  Emperor.  Thus  suddenly 
impoverished,  the  family  was  compelled  to  perform  manual  labor  for 
a  living,  and  it  was  while  serving  as  a  waitress  in  a  restaurant  at  Tokio 
that  this  young  daughter  by  her  graceful  manners  attracted  the  atten- 
tion of  the  naval  officer  to  whom  she  was  afterwards  married.  Through 
the  influence  of  her  English  teacher,  Mrs.  Sakurai  and  her  husband 
were  both  led  to  Christ,  and  the  young  officer  leaviug  his  excellent  posi- 
tion in  the  navy,  entered  the  Christian  ministry  and  is  now  pastor  of  a 
leading  Presbyterian  church  in  Tokio.  Mrs.  Sakurai  established  a 
school  in  Japan  where  young  women  could  obtain  an  English  education 
under  Christian  influences,  and  in  this  way  completely  revolutionized 
the  whole  system  of  education  for  women  in  that  country.  She  was  the 
delegate  from  the  Japan  union  to  the  World's  W.  C.  T.  U.  Convention  in 
Chicago,  and  afterwards  spent  some  months  in  Mr.  Moody's  Bible  In- 
stitute in  that  city.  She  has  recently  returned  to  her  native  land  with 
the  purpose  of  opening  a  Woman's  Bible  Institute,  in  the  interests  of 
which  she  worked  and  lectured  while  in  the  United  States. 


Cbina. 

Organized  1886. 

MRS.  M.  J.  FARNHA.M. 

President. 

Mrs.  Mary  Jane  Farnham  was  born  and  educated  iu  England.  At  the 
age  of  twenty  she  was  bereft  of  both  parents  in  a  single  day  by  a  cholora 
epidemic,  and  went  to  live  with  her  sister  in  New  York.  She  was 
married  in  1859  to  a  Presbyterian  minister  and  went  with  him  as  a  mis- 
sionary to  Shanghai.  Besides  sharing  her  husband's  labors  and  caring 


MRS.  MARY  J.  FARNHAM. 


OFFICERS.  85 

for  her  family,  Mrs.  Farnham  conducted  a  free  day  school  for  poor  girls 
and  a  large  boarding  school.  A  total  abstainer  from  childhood,  she  was 
always  interested  in  temperance  work,  and  when  Mrs.  Leavitt  went  to 
Shanghai  was  rejoiced  to  welcome  her  to  her  home,  and  later  to  co-oper- 
ate with  Miss  Ackerman,  and  Mrs.  Andrew  and  Dr.  Bushnell  in  their 
work  in  China.  With  many  cares  and  amid  almost  insuperable  ob- 
stacles Mrs.  Farnham  has  pushed  the  white-ribbon  work  in  the  Celestial 
Empire  with  the  faithfulness  and  self-sacrifice  so  characteristic  of  the 
missionary  spirit. 


IRutb  Sbafftier,  first  superintendent  of  the  department  of  Or- 
ganization for  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  China,  gathered  her  enthu- 
siasm for  the  work  from  the  fire  of  the  crusade.  She  went  to  Canton 
at  the  close  of  her  college  career  as  pioneer  missionary  from  the  church 
of  the  United  Brethren.  She  soon  became  convinced  that  the  strategic 
point  of  attack  was  the  schools  and  through  her  efforts  in  conjunction 
with  those  of  Mrs.  Mary  H.  Hunt,  a  set  of  reliable  Temperance 
Physiologies  was  translated  into  Chinese.  Miss  Schaffner  represented 
the  Chinese  Union  at  the  World's  Conventions  in  Boston  and  Chicago, 
urging  there  the  necessity  of  a  W.  C.  T.  U.  specialist  for  Chinese  work. 
She  participated  in  the  great  Polyglot  Petition  meeting  in  Washington 
with  the  joy  of  one  who  had  helped  collect  those  strange  signatures  that 
" look  like  the  houses  that  Jack  built."  For  the  past  three  years  she 
has  occupied  the  position  of  school-mother  for  over  three  hundred 
girls  at  the  Indian  Industrial  School,  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania. 

flnfcfa. 

Organized  1887. 

MRS.  MARY  R.  PHILLIPS. 

President. 

Mrs.  Mary  R.  Phillips,  of  Calcutta,  went  to  India  with  her  mission- 
ary husband  in  1864.  Her  first  work  was  among  the  zenana  women, 
later  among  the  neglected  children  of  the  streets,  three  hundred  of 
whom  she  gathered  into  schools  under  her  own  superintendency.  In 
April,  1894,  upon  Mrs.  Hauser's  resignation,  Mrs.  Phillips  became 
President  of  India,  and  has  carried  forward  the  plan  of  work  begun  by 
her  predecessor  with  a  remarkable  degree  of  success.  New  methods 
adopted  under  her  leadership  promise  to  bring  this  newly  organized 


86  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 

auxiliary  of  the  World's  W.  C.  T.  U.  to  the  front  among  national  or- 
ganizations. One  who  knows  Mrs.  Phillips  well  writes  of  her :  "She 
seems  to  know  how  to  bring  to  the  front  the  best  that  is  in  one.  Her 
public  addresses  are  helpful  and  inspiring  and  so  beautifully  simple 
that  she  wins  the  heartsof  all  listeners."  Mr.  Phillips  is  in  hearty  sym- 
pathy with  his  wife's  work,  and  as  secretary  of  Sunday-school  work  in 
India  is  an  immense  help  in  forwarding  the  white-ribbon  cause. 


RAMABAI. 
World's  W.  C.  T.  U.  Lecturer. 

This  rare  character  is  recognized  in  her  own  country  as  the  greatest 
Hindu  woman  that  has  lived.  She  is  the  daughter  of  a  Marathi  priest 
and  can  trace  her  Brahmin  ancestry  a  thousand  years.  Her  father, 
having  resolved,  in  defiance  of  the  laws  of  custom  and  conventionality, 
to  educate  his  wife,  retired  to  a  forest  home  to  carry  out  his  ideas  with- 
out molestation.  There  in  1858  Ramabai  was  born,  and  there,  in  entire 
seclusion,  was  educated  by  her  parents.  Orphaned  before  she  was  six- 
teen she  traveled  several  years  with  her  brother,  a  noble  young  man, 
who  sympathized  with  her  in  her  determination  to  devote  herself  to 
the  elevation  of  her  countrywomen.  The  degree  of  Sarasvati  was 
conferred  upon  her  by  the  University  of  Calcutta,  she  being  the  first 
woman  in  the  empire  to  be  thus  honored. 

Ramabai  married  a  Bengalese  gentleman,  a  lawyer,  whom  she  freely 
chose — this  being  an  instance  almost  without  precedent.  He  died 
within  two  years,  leaving  her  at  twenty-four  with  an  eight-months 
baby.  She  went  to  England,  was  made  professor  of  Sanskrit  in  Chel- 
tenham College,  and  in  1886  came  to  America  to  see  her  cousin  graduate 
from  the  Woman's  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia  and  to  study  our 
educational  methods. 

Ramabai  lectured  in  our  principal  cities  and  wrote  a  book,  "The 
High  Caste  Hindu  Woman,"  during  her  stay  in  this  country,  raising 
sufficient  money  to  open  a  school  for  child-widows  in  India,  which  is 
rapidly  increasing  in  power  for  good.  The  Pundita  is  a  thorough-going 
white-ribboner  and  is  lecturer  for  the  World's  W.  C.  T.  U.  in  India. 
Miss  Willard  says  of  her  :  "  Her  gentleness  exceeds  any  other  manifes- 
tation of  that  exquisite  quality  that  I  have  yet  seen  ;  this  tenderness, 
all-embracing  as  to  the  human  race,  extends  with  her  to  every  sentient 
creature." 


PUNDITA  RAMABAI. 


CAPE  COLONY,    FRANCE.  87 

Cape  Colony 

Organized  1887. 

MISS  THERESA  CAMPBELL. 
President. 

Miss  Campbell  is  a  native  of  New  York,  having  first  worked  for  Af- 
rica as  a  missionary  in  Egypt,  and  since  as  teacher  in  the  Young  Ladies' 
Seminary  at  Wellington,  Cape  Colony.  She  was  the  representative  of 
South  Africa  to  the  World's  Convention  in  Boston,  and  was  Colonial 
Vice-President  until  the  resignation  of  Miss  Pride  in  1893  when  she  was 
elected  in  her  place.  Miss  Campbell  is  editor  of  The  White  Ribbon  for 
South  Africa,  giving  not  only  her  time,  but  a  large  portion  of  her  in- 
come to  the  printing  and  circulation  of  this  paper  and  other  temperance 
literature. 


ffrance. 

Organized  1888. 

MISS  DE  BROEN. 

President. 

Miss  De  Broen,  the  white-ribbon  standard  bearer  in  France,  is  best 
known  through  her  work  in  connection  with  the  Bellevue  Mission,  of 
which  she  is  founder.  After  the  Franco-German  war  of  1870  Miss  De 
Broen  began  her  work  among  the  Communists.  She  first  established 
sewing  classes,  and  from  this  nucleus  arose  the  present  large  and  influ- 
ential Bellevue  Mission.  The  medical  mission  established  by  her  was 
for  a  long  time  the  only  one  on  the  continent  of  Europe.  Full  of 
mental  resource  though  she  is,  it  is  no  easy  task  to  maintain  this  enter- 
prise with  its  physicians,  evangelists,  women  to  visit  and  teach,  the 
orphanage  of  girls,  the  sewing  classes,  temperance  meetings,  Sunday- 
school,  night  schools  for  adults  and  the  children's  day  school,  but  to  the 
superintendence  of  this  immense  work  Miss  De  Broen  devotes  her  life. 
In  the  words  of  a  French  Society  which  presented  her  with  their  silver 
medal,  "The  moment  she  chose  for  the  establishment  of  this  work  in 
the  Bellevue  district  was  when  the  heart  of  France  lay  bleeding  ;  her 
aim  being  to  draw  the  people  out  of  their  profound  despair  by  the  light 
of  the  gospel.  And  she  has  succeeded  !  " 


88  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 

matal. 

Organized  1889. 

MRS.  MARY  FERNIE. 

President. 

Mrs.  Mary  Fernie,  of  Sydenham,  is  the  Colonial  President,  elected  in 
1894.  She  is  of  English  birth,  but  has  spent  many  years  in  Natal,  her 
husband  being  the  pastor  of  the  Congregational  church  at  Sydenham. 
Mrs.  Fernie  is  in  the  prime  of  life  and  has  brought  a  large  degree  of 
energy  and  consecration  into  her  office,  deeming  no  work  too  difficult 
if  it  will  advance  the  influence  and  show  forth  the  helpfulness  of  the 
organization. 

Spain. 

Organized  1891. 

MRS.  ALICE  GORDON  GULICK. 
President. 

Mrs.  Gulick  is  the  sister  of  Anna  and  Bessie  Gordon  and  shares  with 
them  the  philanthropic  temperament.  She  is  a  graduate  with  honor 
of  Mt.  Holyoke  College,  where  she  afterwards  taught ;  has  been  for 
twenty  years  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Win.  Gulick  of  the  famous  missionary 
family  of  that  name,  and  has  shared  his  work  in  Spain  under  the  au- 
spices of  the  American  Board.  They  conduct  a  school  for  girls  in  San 
Sebastian — the  only  evangelical  school  for  girls  in  Spain  —  and  have 
among  the  pupils  a  Y  organization  and  an  L.  T.  L. 


Soutb  Hfrican  TRepubltc. 

Organized  1891. 
MRS.  MARY  F.  GRAY. 
.  President. 

Mrs.  Gray  was  the  first  president  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  Harrismith, 
Orange  Free  State,  her  husband  being  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 
She  is  the  daughter  of  Rev.  Wm.  Tyler,  of  St.  Johnsbury,  Vermont,  who 
was  many  years  missionary  among  the  Zulus.  It  was  through  the  gen- 
tle persuasiveness  of  Mrs.  Gray's  influence  that  Pretoria  and  Johannes- 


SOUTH   AFRICA.  89 

burg,  the  chief  gold  mining  centers  in  South  Africa,  have  each  a  W.  C. 
T.  U.  and  a  Y  branch,  and  that  juvenile  temperance  work  is  so  flourish- 
ing in  those  towns. 


OTHER  SOUTH  AFRICAN  WORKERS. 

.  Xauta  JSriOgentan,  American  Mission  Station,  Natal,  was 
the  first  W.  C.  T.  U.  president  of  an  auxiliary  society  in  South  Africa, 
having  been  appointed  by  Mrs.  Leavitt  to  that  office,  and  called  the  first 
W.  C.  T.  U.  Convention  ever  held  in  South  Africa,  in  June,  1889.  Mrs. 
Bridgeman  now  edits  two  columns  of  W.  C.  T.  U.  notes  weekly  for  a 
leading  Natal  paper.  We  have  no  woman  in  any  country  with  more  of 
the  trae  Christian  temperance  spirit. 


1)OWarD  Sptfgcj  was  first  president  of  the  Transkie,  "  a  local 
union  as  large  as  Ireland."  She  traveled  in  1893  one  thousand  miles 
in  her  own  private  conveyance  in  the  interest  of  this  work.  In  1894  her 
husband  was  made  chief  magistrate  of  Pondoland,  and  she  removed 
farther  east,  becoming  president  of  Pondoland  where  her  power  among 
soldiers,  natives  and  all  classes  of  humanity  is  beyond  computing.  Her 
sister,  Miss  Bate,  of  Blytheswood,  is  president  of  the  Transkie. 


Snna  SaniCS,  of  Harrismith,  though  doing  the  quiet  work  of 
the  president  of  a  local  union,  has  spent  hundreds  of  dollars  in  sowing 
the  Orange  Free  State  with  W.  C.  T.  U.  literature.  It  is  through  her 
influence  that  Harrismith  has  already  contributed  two  hundred  dollars 
to  the  Temperance  Temple  in  Chicago.  Her  loyalty  and  generosity 
and  that  of  her  late  husband  toward  schemes  for  "home  protection" 
are  spoken  of  throughout  the  eastern  part  of  South  Africa. 


.  /IMirrag,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Andrew  Murray,  is  superintendent 
of  the  department  for  Purity,  and  has  addressed  personally  or  by  letter 
every  minister  in  South  Africa  on  this  theme  within  the  past  two  years, 
besides  writing  constantly  to  leaders  in  England  and  America  to  secure 
literature  and  the  best  method  of  prosecuting  the  work  she  has  so 
bravely  undertaken,  viz.,  that  of  securing  the  repeal  of  the  "C.  D. 
Acts." 


90  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 

Hustralasta. 

Organized  1891. 
MRS.  E.  W.  NICHOLS. 

President. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Webb-Nichols,  who  presides  over  the  federated  unions 
of  Australasia,  was  born  in  Adelaide,  in  1850,  and  is  descended  on  both 
sides  from  religious  and  literary  families.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  she 
entered  the  ranks  of  Christian  service  by  joining  the  Wesleyan  Metho- 
dist church.  She  was  married  in  1870  to  Mr.  A.  R.  Nichols,  a  business 
man,  a  Sunday-school  worker,  and  a  total  abstainer,  who  is  in  entire 
sympathy  with  the  methods  of  the  white-ribbon  organization.  Mrs. 
Nichols  first  became  a  total  abstainer  in  1875,  signing  the  pledge  for  the 
sake  of  example  in  the  Sunday  -school.  She  first  came  into  touch  with 
the  W.  C.  T.  U.  during  Mrs.  L,eavitt's  meetings  in  Adelaide,  in  1886, 
when  she  was  made  president  of  the  Adelaide  union.  In  1889,  at  the 
first  Colonial  convention  she  was  elected  Colonial  President ;  in  1894,  to 
the  very  honorable  and  onerous  position  of  Australasian  President,  to 
succeed  Miss  Ackerman.  Mrs.  Nichols  is  a  woman  of  both  business 
and  literary  ability,  of  striking  personality  and  a  face  which  inspires 
love  and  confidence.  Her  genial  disposition,  quick  sense  of  humor  and 
thorough  knowledge  of  parliamentary  usage  makes  her  an  ideal  president. 


Organized  1892. 

COUNTESS  WEDEL-JARLSBERG. 
President. 

No  cause  could  desire  an  abler  leader  than  has  Norway  in  Ida 
Countess  Wedel-Jarlsberg.  Of  high  birth  and  noble  family,  of  fine  edu- 
cation and  large  experience,  it  is  a  wide  outlook  that  she  can  take  over 
the  ills  and  sufferings  of  sinning  humanity.  While  she  is  respected  and 
honored  in  all  circles,  from  the  court  downwards,  she  is  one  who  esteems 
most  highly  her  service  for  the  King  of  kings  and  her  connection  with 
the  court  of  heaven.  No  one  could  commend  the  white-ribbon  cause 
more  intelligently  or  effectively  to  her  countrymen  than  the  Countess 
Wedel,  while  in  personal  appearance,  eloquence  and  tact  she  may  well 
stand  side  by  side  with  the  foremost  temperance  platform  leaders  of  the 
world. 


MEXICO.  91 

flDeiico. 

Organized 


MRS.  B.  B.  BLACHLY. 

President. 

Mrs.  Blachly  is  the  daughter  of  a  Congregational  minister,  and  was 
born  in  Prairie  City,  Illinois,  the  ninth  child  in  a  family  of  thirteen. 
Her  childhood's  ambition  was  to  become  a  teacher.  At  the  age  of  eight- 
een she  left  home  and  with  the  help  of  a  brother  and  by  working 
during  vacations  and  after  school  hours,  she  managed  to  complete 
her  education.  During  these  years  she  became  interested  in  reform 
work,  especially  in  temperance.  She  taught  school  for  nine  years  and 
in  1893  married  Mr.  Blachly,  who  had  been  for  four  years  in  the  employ 
of  the  American  Bible  Society  in  Mexico.  Mrs.  Blachly  soon  discovered 
the  great  need  of  temperance  work  in  her  new  home,  and  has  been 
earnest  in  her  efforts  to  arouse  people  to  the  fearful  ravages  of  the  rum 
traffic  in  Mexico.  In  1894  she  was  appointed  president  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U. 
of  that  Republic  auxiliary  to  the  World's  Union. 


We  regret  very  much  that  the  limited  time  given  for  the  compilation 
of  this  book  has  made  it  impossible  to  procure  sketches  of  the  presidents 
of  all  auxiliaries  of  the  World's  W.  C.  T.  U.  We  hope  in  the  near 
future  to  supply  the  missing  links  in  the  white-ribbon  chain  which  en- 
circles the  globe.  The  order  followed  in  the  partial  list  given  is  that 
of  the  last  World's  Leaflet. 


PIONEERS. 


MOTHER  THOMPSON. 

That  "saiut  in  Israel,"  Mrs.  Elizabeth  J.  Thompson,  is  known  and 
loved  by  white-ribboners  around  the  world  as  the  Crusade  Mother.  She 
is  of  Virginian  ancestry,  the  only  daughter  of  a  governor  of  Ohio 
and  wife  of  a  distinguished  judge,  and  was  surrounded  in  her  earliest 
years  by  Christian  influences  whose  voices  were  never  forgotten  through 
the  long  life  now  well  past  the  threescore  and  ten  of  sacred  writ.  As 
daughter,  wife,  mother,  grandmother,  seeking  no  great  things  in  life, 
Mother  Thompson  was  prepared  by  the  great  Leader  himself  as  a  leader 
for  a  supreme  hour.  It  came  about  that  being  kept  away  from  Dio 
Lewis'  meeting  on  the  historic  2$rd  of  December,  1873,  by  home  cares, 
this  faithful  mother  was  all  unprepared  for  the  call  that  came  to  her 
from  that  great  gathering.  There  is  no  small  significance  in  the  fact 
that  it  was  her  son  and  daughter  who  urged  the  retiring  little  mother  for- 
ward in  the  path  prepared  for  her,  and  that  it  is  because  of  a  daughter's 
love  and  knowledge  of  the  Word  that  hundreds  of  thousands  of  women 
have  written  upon  their  hearts  the  Crusade  Psalm.  And  now  that 
mother's  hair  is  white,  and  the  feet  that  led  the  timid  band  of  women 
from  the  house  of  prayer,  to  the  doors  across  whose  threshold  passed 
sin  and  crime,  go  very  softly  on  the  way  of  life.  She  has  had  love  and 
praise  and  publicity  for  twenty  years,  yet  her  comings  in  and  her  goings 
out  are  marked  by  a  beautiful  quietude  and  unconsciousness  of  self. 
Many  are  the  "daughters"  who  have  risen  up  and  many  more  are 
they  who  shall  rise  up  around  the  world  to  "call  her  blessed." 


MOTHER  STEWART. 

Mrs.  Eliza  D.  Stewart,  of  Springfield,  Ohio,  is  a  woman  of  indomit- 
able purpose,  dauntless  courage,  and  withal  most  pleasing  personality. 
Born  a  leader,  she  has  led  the  right  in  many  a  triumphal  march  against 
wrong.  She  began,  publicly,  her  warfare  against  rum  in  1858.  Seeing 
that  public  sentiment  was  asleep  to  the  evils  of  intemperance,  she  made 
it  her  mission  to  arouse  the  slumbering  forces  with  her  clarion  cry,  and 
the  echo  of  that  cry  is  still  heard  around  the  world.  She  was  the  first 
woman  to  go  into  the  civil  courts  and  plead  the  case  of  a  drunkard's 
wife,  and  was  the  prime  mover  of  a  great  tidal  wave  of  temperance  in 

(92) 


MOTHER  THOMPSON. 


MOTHER  STEWART. 


PIONEERS.  93 

her  own  city,  which  was  the  forerunner  of  the  crusade.  She  formed 
the  first  union  ever  organized,  and  also  introduced  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  work 
into  Great  Britain,  the  British  Women's  Temperance  Association  being 
a  result  of  her  efforts.  Her  histories,  "Memories  of  the  Crusade," 
and  the  "  Crusader  in  Great  Britain,"  must  be  read  to  be  rightly  ap- 
preciated. One,  writing  of  her,  says  :  "  To  form  any  idea  of  her  physical 
labor  and  travels,  you  must  read  her  books  ;  to  judge  her  great,  loving, 
motherly  heart,  you  must  come  in  touch  with  results  as  felt  by  those  she 
has  lifted  ;  to  know  the  length,  breadth  and  depth  of  her  good  works, 
you  must  make  sure  of  heaven  and  listen  when  the  books  are  opened." 


ABBY  F.  LEAVITT. 

Mrs.  Abby  Fisher  l,eavitt  was  one  of  the  prominent  figures  of  the 
Ohio  crusade.  Maine  was  her  birthplace  and  early  home,  and  at  the  age 
of  nineteen  she  graduated  from  the  high  school  of  Bangor.  She  went 
South  as  a  teacher,  became  principal  of  a  grammar  school  in  Evansville, 
Indiana,  and  there  married  Samuel  K.  L,eavitt,  a  lawyer,  who  was  later 
ordained  a  Baptist  minister.  Mrs.  I/eavitt  was  leader  of  the  "Praying 
Baud"  in  Cincinnati,  and  while  engaged  in  crusade  work  was,  with 
forty-two  others,  arrested  and  taken  to  jail.  When  the  band  was  re- 
organized into  the  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union  she  was 
chosen  president.  She  was  for  years  treasurer  of  the  National  Union 
and  her  appeals  for  help,  at  once  so  witty  and  convincing,  were  among 
the  memories  of  the  convention.  Among  the  ablest  and  most  constant 
friends  of  our  National  paper  Mrs.  L,eavitt  should  ever  be  remembered. 
For  two  years  a  member  of  its  publishing  committee,  she  invested  much 
time,  thought  and  prayer  in  its  behalf. 


ANNIE  WITTENMYER. 

Mrs.  Wittenmyer  was  first  President  of  the  National  Woman's  Chris- 
tian  Temperance  Union,  and  served  in  that  capacity  for  five  years.  She 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  Our  Union  the  first  official  organ,  which 
was  afterwards  consolidated  with  The  Signal  and  became  The  Union 
Signal.  She  wrote  "The  History  of  the  Woman's  Temperance  Cru- 
sade," a  book  of  eight  hundred  pages  giving  a  history  of  that  wonder- 
ful movement.  Mrs.  Witteumyer  has  been  connected  editorially  for  the 
last  twenty  years  with  magazines  and  leading  newspapers,  is  the  author 
of  a  number  of  books,  and  her  Christian  hymns  have  been  sung  around 


94  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 

the  world.  Her  book,  "  Under  the  Guns  "  gives  thrilling  experiences 
of  the  civil  war,  during  which,  she  was  sanitary  agent  for  the  state  of 
Iowa,  and  later  in  the  service  of  the  Christian  commission.  She  has  also 
been  president  of  the  Woman's  Relief  Corps.  Mrs.  Wittenmyer  was 
born  in  Ohio  but  her  early  home  was  Kentucky  ;  she  is  descended  from 
an  old  and  influential  family  ;  is  a  Daughter  of  the  Revolution,  and  the 
founder  of  a  number  of  benevolent  institutions. 


EMILY  HUNTINGDON  MILLER. 

Mrs.  Emily  Huntingdon  Miller,  now  Dean  of  the  Woman's  College  in 
the  Northwestern  University  at  Evanston,  Illinois,  was  secretary  of  the 
Chautauqua  meeting  which  sent  out  the  "call"  for  the  first  National 
convention.  She  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  New  York,  in  1833  ;  educated 
at  Oberlin  College  ;  married  in  1859  to  Mr.  John  E.  Miller,  at  first  pro- 
fessor of  Ancient  Languages,  afterwards  a  publisher  and  prominent  Sun- 
day-school worker,  and  whose  death  some  years  ago  removed  one  of  the 
truest  friends  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  Whoever  has  read  Mrs.  Miller's  stories 
— and  what  child  has  not  ? — knows  that  Mrs.  Miller  is  a  stanch  temper- 
ance woman.  The  chief  feature  of  The  Little  Corporal,  one  of  the  most 
popular  of  children's  papers  ever  published,  was  a  series  of  stories  from 
Mrs.  Miller's  pen.  She  contributes  both  prose  and  poetiy  to  many 
papers  and  magazines  and  has  written  several  juvenile  books,  besides 
giving  lectures  on  temperance,  missionary  and  educational  subjects. 
On  one  thing  she  particularly  prides  herself,  viz.,  her  ability  to  make 
bread  and  darn  stockings  with  any  woman  living. 


JENNIE  FOWLER  WILLING. 

Mrs.  Willing  was  born  in  Burford,  Canada  West, "in  1834.  When 
•she  was  eight  years  old  her  parents  removed  to  Illinois  and  she  grew 
tip  in  the  surroundings  of  country  life  and  with  such  scanty  schooling 
as  the  Prairie  state  coald  furnish  in  that  early  day.  She  married  at 
nineteen,  Rev.  Dr.  W.  C.  Willing,  a  knight  of  the  new  chivalry,  who 
delighted  in  and  encouraged  his  wife's  literary  aspirations,  and  until 
his  death  in  1895,  was  a  warm  friend  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  Later  on  we 
find  Mrs.  Willing  Professor  of  English  Language  and  Literature  in  Illi- 
nois Wesleyan  University,  and  preparing  essays,  serials,  sermons  and 
orations.  When  the  crusade  sounded  its  muster-drum  Mrs.  Willing 
was  among  the  first  to  enlist.  She  presided  at  the  preliminary  meeting 


PIONEERS.  95 

at  Chautauqua  in  1874,  issued  the  call  for  the  first  W.  C.  T.  U.  conven- 
tion and  presided  over  it  at  Cleveland  the  same  year.  She  was  first 
editor  of  our  National  paper  and  was  for  years  state  president  of  Illi- 
nois. In  1873  she  was  licensed  as  local  preacher  in  the  M.  E.  church 
and  her  revival  meetings  are  scenes  of  especial-  power.  She  is  a  volu- 
minous writer  and  in  car  or  steamer  is  always  busy  with  book  or  pencil. 
Mrs.  Willing  is  a  sister  of  Bishop  Fowler  of  the  M.  B.  church.  She 
possesses  rare  culture  of  manner  and  of  utterance,  a  steady  purpose 
and  consecrated  heart,  and  like  all  strong  souls  has  for  her  motto  "plus 
ultra  " — more  beyond. 


MARY  B.  INGHAM. 

Mrs.  Mary  B.  Ingham,  an  Ohio  woman  born  and  bred,  is  the 
child  of  a  pioneer  Methodist  preacher  ;  her  mother  a  noble  woman  giv- 
ing to  her  children  a  heritage  of  industry,  thrift  and  executive  ability. 
Educated  in  four  languages,  Mrs.  Ingham  early  wrote  for  publication. 
In  1870  she  became  a  leader  in  the  Woman's  Foreign  Missionary  Society 
and  in  1874  planned  and  led  the  crusade  in  her  home  city,  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  and  later  on  became  one  of  the  founders  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  At  the 
age  of  sixty,  youthful  and  vigorous,  she  is  elected  general  secretary  of 
Young  People's  work  in  the  Woman's  Home  Missionary  Society. 


MRS.  MARGARET  E.  PARKER. 

Mrs.  Parker,  of  Dundee,  Scotland,  was  the  first  woman  across  the 
sea  to  catch  the  inspiration  of  the  crusade,  and  when  the  British 
Women's  Temperance  Association  was  organized  in  1876  became  its  first 
president.  Born  a  conservative  and  reared  in  all  the  prejudices  of 
aristocratic  birth  she  overleaped  these  barriers,  and  in  the  face  of  opposi- 
tion which  would  have  crushed  a  soul  less  brave,  became  a  philan- 
thropist and  reformer.  "An  orthodox  of  the  orthodox,"  she  worked 
for  woman  suffrage  side  by  side  with  the  party  of  John  Stuart  Mill  ;  a 
wife,  mother  and  housekeeper  of  the  New  England  school,  she  addressed 
the  British  Social  Science  Congress  on  the  question  of  capital  and  labor ; 
a  modest,  soft-voiced  woman  from  the  home-hearth  and  the  cradle-side, 
she  marshaled  "the  bonnets  of  bonny  Dundee,"  leading  a  procession  of 
sixty  of  her  townswomen  to  the  headquarters  of  the  magistrate  where 
they  presented  a  no-license  petition  with  nine  thousand  names  of  women. 
Twice  since  the  crusade  Mrs.  Parker  has  visited  our  country,  and  a 
charming  little  book,  "Six  Happy  Weeks  Among  the  Americans," 
records  her  impressions  of  the  land  she  had  so  long  desired  to  see. 


96  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 

MARY  B.  WILLARD. 

Mrs.  Mary  Bannister  Willard  is  the  daughter  of  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  Ban- 
nister, for  many  years  principal  of  Cazenovia  Seminary,  New  York,  and 
later  professor  of  Hebrew  in  Garrett  Biblical  Institute  in  the  North- 
western University  at  Evanston,  in  which  latter  institution  Mary  took 
the  classical  course.  She  was  married  to  Oliver  A.  Willard,  brother  of 
"our  Frances,"  and  until  his  death,  sixteen  years  later,  found  in  her 
home  and  children,  labors  and  cares  which  to  her  loyal  heart  meant  the 
putting  aside  of  the  "  career  "  to  which  by  nature  and  training  she  was 
exceptionally  called.  As  editor  of  The  Signal,  afterwards  The  Union 
Signal,  Mrs.  Willard  abundantly  demonstrated  her  ability  as  a  journalist ; 
she  also  came  to  the  front  as  one  of  Illinois'  foremost  speakers  and 
organizers.  In  1885  she  went  to  Berlin,  Germany,  for  the  further  educa- 
tion of  her  daughters  and  seeing  the  need  of  such  an  institution, 
remained  there  to  establish  the  "American  Home  School  for  Girls." 
Miss  Willard  says  of  her  :  "She  is  a  woman  of  abounding  spirituality, 
whose  intuitions  of  Christ,  conscience  and  immortality,  supplemented 
by  life-long  Bible  study,  anchor  her  firmly  in  a  broad,  deep,  living  faith 
which  no  outward  circumstance  of  bereavement  or  disaster  has  in  the 
least  degree  disturbed." 


SARAH  K.  BOI/TON. 

The  name  of  Sarah  K.  Bolton,  author  and  poet,  is  national  and  world- 
wide. She  has  by  voice  and  pen  stood  by  our  great  movement  from  the 
first,  has  written  a  history  of  the  crusade,  and  set  forth  our  work  in  most 
influential  quarters  on  both  sides  of  the  sea.  She  is  a  woman  of  special 
gifts  and  culture  as  a  journalist,  and  as  a  member  of  the  editorial  staff  of 
the  Boston  Congregationalist  did  us  excellent  service.  As  assistant  sec- 
retary of  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  in  its  early  days,  she  kept  articles, 
paragraphs  and  enlightening  excerpts  before  the  public  which  served  to 
set  our  new  methods  before  the  public.  In  her  speech  before  the  Cleve- 
land Convention  in  1894,  Mrs.  Bolton  said,  "The  grand  thing  about  our 
wo'rk  is  that  the  young  people  are  coming  on  to  take  our  places.  I  am 
glad  to  have  my  only  boy  proud  of  his  mother  as  a  crusader." 


MARGARET  E.  WINSLOW. 

Miss  Margaret  Winslow  is  one  of  the  long  list  of  white- ribbon  notables 
who  dates  her  "ordination"  from  the  crusade.  She  was  one  of  the 
early  editors  of  Our  Union  ;  is  a  contributor  to  various  leading  maga- 


PIONEERS. 


97 


zines  and  religious  papers  and  the  author  of  several  story  books.  It  was 
a  burst  of  inspiration  from  Miss  Winslow  which  at  the  Chicago  conven- 
tion determined  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  to  wear  the  white  ribbon  badge  rather 
than  the  red-white-and-blue  which  was  strongly  urged  by  many. 
"  White,"  suggested  Miss  Wiuslow,  "is  the  emblem  of  both  purity  and 
the  resultant  of  all  the  other  virtues,  and,"  quoting  Keble's  words, 

"  As  every  varied  hue  makes  white, 
So  every  grace  is  love." 


CRUSADE  CHURCH.. 


PROMOTED. 


Ah  !  comrades  we  stand  in  the  silence 

Homesick  for  a  day, 
But  how  can  our  anguish  be  bitter  ? 

We  follow  that  way. 
Let  us  lift  up  our  hearts,  our  beloved, 

Love  on  as  of  yore  ; 
Who  knows  but  in  stress  of  the  battle 

They  haste  to  the  fore  ? 
"  Then  onward,  ye  brave,"  to  the  duty, 
Not  far,  with  the  King  in  His  beauty, 

We  greet  them  once  more. 

— MARY  T.  LATHRAP. 

MARGARET  BRIGHT  LUCAS. 

The  veteran  reformer,  Mrs.  Margaret  Bright  Lucas,  passed  through 
the  "  portal  we  call  death,"  to  her  heavenly  home,  on  February  4,  1890, 
at  the  age  of  71.  She  was  first  president  of  the  World's  W.  C.  T.  U.  and 
preceded  Lady  Henry  Somerset  as  president  of  the  British  Women's 
Temperance  Association.  Of  Quaker  ancestry  and  training,  the  sister 
of  John  Bright,  the  noted  British  commoner,  with  wealth,  position  and 
an  honored  name,  Mrs.  Lucas  brought  to  our  r  inks  gifts  many  and  rare. 
She  was  president  of  the  Bloomsbury  branch  of  the  Women's  Liberal 
Association,  and  lost  no  opportunity  in  all  her  public  addresses  of  em- 
phasizing the  fact  that  temperance  legislation,  to  be  successful,  requires 
woman's  vote,  and  as  far  back  as  1883,  in  her  annual  address  before  the 
B.  W.  T.  A.,  she  urged  her  c 3- workers  to  study  this  question  with  regard 
to  its  bearing  upon  their  work.  In  1886  Mrs.  Lucas  paid  her  second 
visit  to  America  as  a  delegate  to  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  in  Minneapo- 
lis, at  which  time  she  received  a  most  enthusiastic  reception,  and  Miss 
Willard,  in  her  address,  turning  to  her  British  sister  and  clasping  her 
hand,  said,  "  For  the  first  time  in  history  the  imperial  mother  and  the 
dauntless  daughter  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race  clasp  hands  in  a  union 
never  to  be  broken." 

(98) 


MARGARET  BRIGHT  LUCAS. 


MISS  JULIA  A.  AMES. 


PROMOTED.  99 

SARAH  J.  C.  DOWNS. 

For  ten  years  Mrs.  Downs,  our  "  Andrew  Jackson,"  led  the  women 
of  New  Jersey.  When  she  became  president  she  found  twenty -four 
unions — a  thousand  members.  When  she  laid  down  her  work,  there 
were  two  hundred  and  twenty  unions  and  eight  thousand  white-ribbon 
women  in  New  Jersey.  The  widow  of  a  Methodist  minister,  she 
came  to  the  work  of  the  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union 
as  she  was  nearing  her  sixtieth  year.  With  psalms  of  praise  and 
victory,  she  went  on  like  a  conqueror  to  her  place  with  the  glorified, 
and  her  last  words  were,  "The  liquor  traffic  will  be  outlawed  ;  blessed 
is  he  who  helps" — prophetic  of  the  future  and  characteristic  of  her 
mind  and  heart.  "  If  Mrs.  Downs  had  lived  fifty  years  later,"  said 
Miss  Willard,  "she  would  have  become  Governor  of  New  Jersey,  or  a 
Bishop  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  for  in  her  were  united  the 
deepest  mother-heart  and  the  bravest  brotherly  brain." 


JULIA  A.  AMES. 

Miss  Julia  A.  Ames  was  almost  the  first  young  woman  of  National 
fame  in  the  white-ribbon  ranks  to  leave  her  earthly  home  for  the 
heavenly.  Born  near  Streator,  Illinois,  in  1860,  she  lived  her  short, 
beautiful  life  on  the  prairies  of  her  native  state  and  in  its  chief  city — 
Chicago.  She  died  on  December  12,  1891,  in  Boston,  Massachusetts, 
whither  she  had  gone  a  month  previous  to  attend  the  National  and 
World's  W.  C.  T.  U.  Convention.  Press  work  was  her  specialty  in  the 
temperance  field.  This  she  began  in  a  modest  way  in  Chicago,  solicit- 
ing from  the  daily  papers  a  half  column's  space  each  week.  So  success- 
ful was  her  local  work,  that  she  was  made  National  superintendent  of 
the  Press  department,  and  associate  editor  on  The  Union  Signal  in 
1886.  This  latter  position  she  held  at  the  time  of  her  death,  having 
risen,  however,  by  her  unusual  journalistic  talent,  as  well  as  by  her 
unfailing  judgment  and  sweet  courtesy  of  manner  to  co-equal  editor- 
ship with  Miss  Mary  Allen  West.  In  1889  Miss  Ames  went  to  England 
as  fraternal  delegate  to  the  British  Women's  Temperance  Association, 
where  her  address  on  press  work  and  her  own  charming  personality 
made  a  most  favorable  impression  upon  her  English  sisters,  and  was 
one  means  to  the  establishment  of  the  Press  department  in  the  British 
Association.  In  the  thought  of  many  Miss  Ames  is  the  beautiful  but 
now  unseen  link  between  our  two  beloved  leaders,  for  Lady  Henry  says : 
"  Her  glowing  words  of  admiration  and  the  deep  love  with  which  she 


100  THUMB  NAIL  SKETCHES. 

spoke  of  her  great  leader,  only  increased  my  earnest  desire  to  know 
Miss  Willard."  One  of  the  pathetic  features  of  this  book  is  that  Miss 
Ames  was  its  editor,  when  first  brought  out  four  years  ago  in  another 
form,  and  onlv  a  few  weeks  before  her  lamented  death. 


JENNIE  CASSEDAY. 

Our  "white-ribbon  saint,"  the  founder  and  first  superintendent  of 
Flower  Mission  work,  went  home  on  February  8,  1893,  after  thirty  years 
spent  on  a  bed  of  pain.  She  was  born  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  in  1840,  one 
of  a  family  noted  for  its  gifts  and  graces  of  mind.  Her  girlhood  was 
parsed  amid  the  bright  surroundings  of  a  wealthy  Christian  home. 
Just  as  Miss  Casseday  was  stepping  across  the  threshold  of  womanhood 
she  was  thrown  from  a  carriage,  and  the  spinal  injury  which  resulted 
made  her  a  physical  invalid  and  an  intense  sufferer  for  life.  It  was  her 
own  love  of  flowers  in  the  sick-room  which  first  suggested  the  Flower 
Mission,  and  when  Miss  Willard  went  to  Louisville  in  1881,  she  gained 
Miss  Casseday's  consent  to  become  superintendent  of  this  work  for  the 
W.  C.  T.  U.  From  that  time  to  the  day  of  her  death  she  directed  from 
her  sick-bed  world  wide  plans  for  this  beautiful  philanthropy,  personally 
conducting  an  immense  correspondence  in  its  interests.  Besides  her 
work  in  the  Flower  Mission,  Miss  Casseday  was  the  founder  of  the  Jennie 
Casseday  Infirmary,  and  the  Louisville  Training  School  for  Nurses.  She 
also  established  "Rest  Cottage,"  a  summer  home  for  working  girls. 
"Jennie  Casseday  was, "  say  Kentuckians.  "the  best-loved  woman  in 
her  state."  She  erected  monuments  more  enduring  than  marble  and 
brass,  and  generations  yet  unborn  will  call  her  blessed. 


MADAM  WILLARD. 

The  story  of  the  beautiful  life  of  our  "Saint  Courageous"  has  been 
told  by  the  pen  of  a  mighty  love  and  the  world  to-day  unites  to  do 
homage  to  Mary  T.  Hill  Willard  as  "A  Great  Mother."  Born  in  Ver* 
mont,  she  early  removed  to  Western  New  York,  and  from  there,  in 
married  life,  to  Oberlin,  Ohio,  and  later,  to  Janesville,  Wisconsin.  Her 
character  was  a  marked  blending  of  the  strength  and  rugged  grandeur 
of  New  England's  granite  hills,  with  the  breadth  and  wind-swept  free- 
dom of  the  Western  prairies.  She  was  a  successful  school-teacher  until 
her  marriage  with  Josiah  F.  Willard,  and  into  the  training  of  her  chil- 
dren she  carried  the  same  enthusiasm  and  the  same  willingness  to  adapt 


MADAM  WITJLARD. 


\fARY  ALLEN  WEST. 


MARY  A.  \\OoDBRIDGK. 


PROMOTED.  101 

means  to  the  end  which  had  characterized  her  as  a  teacher.  No  cast- 
iron  methods  for  child  culture  were  embraced  by  her.  Her  conception 
of  the  value  of  her  own  individuality  made  her  guard  as  equally  sacred 
the  individuality  of  her  children.  Long  before  Froebel  became  a  house- 
hold name  her  wise  head  and  wiser  heart  had  adopted  many  of  his 
methods.  "Let  a  girl  grow  as  a  tree  grows,"  was  the  motto  which, 
lived  out  in  that  prairie  home,  and  later  during  Evanstou's  college  days, 
gave  to  the  world  Frances  E.  Willard. 

A  close  student  of  current  events,  a  careful  reader,  an  original 
thinker,  one  could  not  be  in  Madam  Willard's  presence  without  recog- 
nizing the  presence  of  a  great  mind.  But  it  was  in  the  realm  of  soul- 
life  that  her  greatness  was  most  manifest.  There,  indeed,  she  towered 
above  the  world  into  the  realm  of  the  infinite.  Her  calmness  and  quiet 
peace  were  not  born  of  inactivity  or  indifference — they  rather  sprang 
forth  from  the  faith  which  above,  beneath  and  around  all  struggles  and 
all  trials  sees  and  knows  God. 

She  possessed  a  quaint  humor,  a  rare  po?ver  of  epigram,  a  whole- 
some hearty  gladness  in  life.  She  believed  in  God  and  therefore 
believed  in  God's  children— humanity.  The  white-ribbon  movement 
which  came  to  her  when  she  had  reached  the  borderland  of  old  age, 
came  as  no  new  revelation,  it  was  simply  the  expression  of  her  own 
thought  and  purpose.  She  entered  into  it,  heart  and  soul,  and  from 
that  day  until  "the  great  sunset,"  which  crowned  her  life  August,  1892, 
no  woman  was  more  truly  an  incentive  and  an  inspiration  to  the  peace- 
ful hosts  the  world  over.  Though  "  gone  before  "  she  leads  us  still. 


MARY  ALLEN  WEST. 

Mary  Allen  West  has  been  in  heaven  two  years  and  a  half,  but  she 
is  not  forgotten  on  earth.  Her  name  is  to-day  a  cherished  one  in  thou- 
sands of  hearts  and  homes.  It  is  difficult  to  place  special  prominence 
upon  any  one  of  her  many  honorable  positions.  As  a  teacher  in  the 
college  and  high  school  of  her  native  town,  Galesburg,  Illinois,  for 
twenty  years,  as  superintendent  of  the  public  schools  of  the  county 
(Knox)  for  nine  years,  as  president  of  the  Illinois  W.  C.  T.  U.  for  five 
years,  as  senior  editor  of  The  Union  Signal  and  National  superintendent 
of  Schools  of  Methods  for  seven  years,  and  as  an  active  round-the-world 
missionary  in  Japan  for  three  months,  she  rounded  up  a  life  of  fifty- 
five  years  of  usefulness  and  consecration  so  rare  that  even  those  who 
knew  of  her  daily  application  to  duty  and  genuine  love  of  service, 
marvel  to  this  day. 


102  THUMB   NAIL  SKETCHES. 

Dying  upon  foreign  soil,  December  i,  1892,  as  the  direct  result  of 
overwork  in  organizing  and  speaking,  Miss  West  left  the  Christian 
workers  of  two  nations — America  and  Japan — in  mourning.  The  Chris- 
tian Japanese  women  in  many  places  said  :  "  She  is  indeed  our  mother, 
for  by  her  motherly  kindness  and  suffering  our  W.  C.  T.  U.  was  born." 
Aside  from  holding  the  positions  named,  Miss  West  was  an  author  and 
Sunday-school  teacher  of  deserved  fame.  Her  largest  and  most  im- 
portant book,  "Childhood:  Its  Care  and  Culture,"  has  met  with  great 
favor,  for  she  was,  as  some  one  has  truly  said,  "a  natural  mother." 
She  "  mothered  "  everything  ;  her  work  and  her  associates  were  always 
her  children.  "My  girls,"  meaning  all  the  women  employes  of  the 
Woman's  Temperance  Publishing  Association,  was  constantly  on  her 
lips,  even  in  far-distant  Japan,  where  she  was  alert  to  pick  up  some 
little  treasure  for  each.  And  in  Sunday-school  teaching  it  was  more 
than  once  whispered  around  that  "mothers  who  were  not  willing  to 
have  their  daughters  go  to  the  ends  of  the  earth  as  missionaries  would 
better  keep  them  out  of  Mary  Allen  West's  class!"  And  no  wonder, 
for  ei^ht  young  ladies  went  from  that  one  class  in  one  town  to  foreign 
fields  of  Christian  labor.  Miss  West  knew  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  as  she  knew 
her  Bible  and  it  was  her  chief  delight  to  teach  its  methods  to  others. 
If  she  had  lived,  doubtless,  her  final  specialty  would  have  been  her 
Schools  of  Method,  traveling  from  town  to  town  and  establishing  her- 
self as  leader  with  the  local  officers  for  her  faculty.  Self-denial  and 
almost  unceasing  labor  were  her  main  pleasures  on  earth,  and  she  has 
left  behind  her  hundreds  of  friends,  who  praise  her  noble  life  and 
profit  by  her  love  and  devotion  to  humanity  and  God. 


MARY  A.  WOODBRIDGE. 

Mary  A.  Woodbridge  came  by  rightful  inheritance  into  the  posses- 
sion of  her  quick  intellect,  her  insatiable  love  of  books  and  learning, 
her  well-rounded  mind  and  peaceful,  gracious  dignity.  She  was  born  in 
1830  in  the  old  town  of  Nantucket.  Her  gentle,  refined  Quaker  mother 
was  a  sister  of  Mitchell,  the  astronomer,  whose  only  daughter  Maria 
became  so  famous.  Her  father,  Isaac  Brayton,  was  a  sea  captain  and 
afterwards  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  legislature.  Mary,  at  the  age 
of  seventeen,  married  Mr.  F.  W.  Woodbridge,  a  young  business  man, 
and  for  forty-seven  years  theirs  was  an  ideal  home.  Mrs.  Wood- 
bridge  was  more  than  forty  years  old  before  that  magnificent  voice  of 
hers,  which  contributed  so  much  to  her  power,  had  ever  been  heard  in 
public ;  but  when  the  crusade  swept  her  state  it  was  to  her  as  a  call 


PROMOTED.  103 

from  God  to  new  duties.  For  five  years  she  was  president  of  the  Ohio 
W.  C.  T.  U.,  leading  in  the  famous  amendment  campaign,  and  editing 
The  Amendment  Herald.  In  1877  she  was  elected  assisant  recording 
secretary  of  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and  in  1878  recording  secretary. 
In  1889  she  was  appointed  America's  Secretary  for  the  World's  W.  C.  T. 
U.  ;  in  1891  elected  World's  Secratery,  and  in  1893  was  made  Corre- 
sponding Secretary  of  the  National,  thus  for  eleven  months  holding  a 
threefold  position  of  responsibility.  At  the  zenith  of  her  powers  she 
left  us  ;  left  us  without  a  warning — at  her  desk  one  day  and  the  next 
stricken  with  death.  "I  should  be  perfectly  happy,"  she  once  said,  "to 
die  with  the  harness  on,"  and  that  happiness  was  hers.  The  most 
striking  elements  of  Mrs.  Woodbridge's  character  was  her  unspoiled- 
ness  and  self-effacement  in  the  midst  of  her  honors,  the  cheerful, 
dignified  brightness  and  joy  of  her  personal  bearing,  and  the  deep  piety 
which  was  the  bed-rock  of  her  nature. 


MARY  TORRENS  LATHRAP. 

On  January  3,  1895,  Mary  T.  I/athrapleft  us  to  join  the  heavenly  host. 
She  was  known  as  the  "  Daniel  Webster"  among  white-ribboners  and  as 
our  "  peerlesss  prohibition  pleader  " — invincible  in  argument,  eloquent 
in  oratory,  masterful  in  all  her  ways,  yet  "  touched  into  love  and  sym- 
pathy as  readily  as  she  could  be  roused  into  heroic  action."  She  was 
born,  and  lived  and  died  in  Michigan,  her  girlhood  years  being  passed 
upon  a  farm  near  Marshall ;  began  contributing  to  the  public  press  at 
fourteen  years  of  age ;  taught  in  the  schools  of  Detroit,  and  at  the  age  of 
twenty-seven  married  Dr.  C.  C.  Lathrap,  surgeon  in  the  Ninth  Michigan 
Cavalry.  Removing  to  Jackson  it  was  not  long  before  her  ability  as  a 
revivalist  and  preacher  became  known  and  she  was  licensed  to  preach 
by  the  Methodist  church.  At  the  first  convention  of  the  National  W.  C. 
T.  U.  in  1874  she  was  one  of  its  leading  spirits,  but  it  was  not  until  1881 
that  she  accepted  the  presidency  for  the  state  of  Michigan.  Mrs. 
Lathrap  was  a  great  sufferer  for  a  year  before  her  death,  but  dauntlessly 
bore  with  her  "  prison  house  of  pain"  until  the  inevitable  was  faced  and 
smilingly  greeted.  Her  home  life  was  singularly  harmonious,  her  hus- 
band being  of  great  assistance  to  his  wife  in  her  marvelous  work,  while 
her  relations  to  the  aged  mother  who  lived  with  her  were  always  child- 
like, affectionate  and  reverential.  "She  made  a  record  brilliant  as  a  star 
and  enduring  as  the  granite  of  old  Scotia,  whence  came  her  sturdy  an- 
cestry. She  had  the  wit  of  that  Irish  race,  a  strain  of  whose  blood  was 
in  her  own  ;  she  had  the  broad,  bright  outlook  of  the  great  West  where 


104  THUMB    NAIL   SKETCHES. 

she  was  reared  ;  she  had  the  generous,  sisterly  sympathy  of  the  move- 
ment that  swept  her  into  its  deep  current  and  bore  her  on  to  fame 
and  death."  Such  is  our  Chieftain's  tribute  to  Mary  T.  Lathrap. 


MRS.  JANE  STAPLER. 

A  unique  figure  in  our  ranks  was  a  veteran  white-ribboner  who 
was  "promoted"  March  23,  1895.  Mrs.  Jane  Stapler,  of  Tahlequah, 
for  many  years  president  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  Indian  Territory,  came 
of  a  long  line  of  Cherokee  chiefs.  She  was  born  in  Georgia,  from  which 
state  she  was  forced  to  emigrate  with  her  parents  and  her  tribe  when  a 
little  child,  because  white  men  had  discovered  gold  upon  the  red  man's 
territory.  Mrs.  Stapler's  first  temperance  work  was  in  connection  with 
the  "  Sons  and  Daughters  of  Temperance, "  before  the  war,  and  when  the 
W.  C.  T.  U.  was  organized  in* the  Territory,  she  was  chosen  its  standard 
bearer.  None  of  the  delegates  to  the  Atlanta  convention  in  1889  will 
forget  the  meaningful  words  of  this  aged  woman:  "  You  don't  know,  my 
sisters,  what  it  means  to  me  to  come  back  after  an  interval  of  generations 
to  the  state  where  I  was  born  and  be  welcomed  so  tenderly  by  my  com- 
rades of  the  white  ribbon  who  are  fighting  with  me  against  the  fire  water 
that  has  been  the  curse  of  my  race  as  well  as  your  own."  Mrs.  Stapler's 
husband  was  a  wealthy  white  merchant  from  the  East  and  her  sons  are 
leading  merchants  in  Tahlequah.  She  was  long  the  Lady  Bountiful  in 
the  territory  and  an  intelligent,  thoughtful  Christian  woman  who  has 
dignified  the  whole  Indian  race. 


ELLA  F.  M.  WILLIAMS. 

Little  did  we  think  when  we  requested  for  this  book  a  biographical 
sketch  of  the  President  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada  and  Treasurer  of 
the  World's  W.  C.  T.  U.  that  it  would  find  a  place  among  the  "Pro- 
moted." The  sketch  from  which  we  glean  the  following  facts  was  dic- 
tated by  Mrs.  Williams  herself  not  two  days  before  her  death,  and  when 
received  at  Headquarters  our  faithful,  loving  comrade  was  at  rest. 

Mrs.  Williams  was  of  New  England  descent,  her  father,  Rev.  N.  S. 
Dickinson,  being  for  more  than  thirty  years  a  Congregational  minister  in 
Massachusetts  and  well  known  before  the  civil  war  for  his  fearless  ad- 
vocacy of  antislavery  and  prohibition  principles.  The  greater  part  of 
her  early  life  was  spent  near  Boston,  where,  for  the  most  part,  her  edu- 
cation was  personally  conducted  by  her  father.  Later  she  attended 


MARY  T.  LATHRAP. 


PROMOTED.  IO5 

Wheaton  Seminary,  graduating  in  1869.  After  teaching  two  years  she 
married  Charles  T.  Williams,  a  business  man  of  Cambridge.  Removing 
to  Montreal,  Canada,  in  1874,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Williams  entered  with 
much  enthusiasm  into  temperance  and  mission  work,  and  when  the 
first  W.  C.  T.  U.  was  organized  in  that  town  Mrs.  Williams  became  its 
corresponding  secretary.  She  served  the  Provincial  Union  as  superin- 
tendent of  Flower  Mission  work  and  recording  secretary  ;  andthe  Domin- 
ion W.  C.  T.  U.  as  superintendent  of  Flower  Missions,  as  treasurer,  and 
from  1892  until  her  lamented  death,  March  28,  1895,  as  president.  In 
1891  at  the  World's  W.  C.  T.  U.  Convention  in  Boston  she  was  elected 
treasurer  of  that  organization. 

A  woman  of  marked  individuality,  one  of  Mrs.  Williams'  chief  char- 
acteristics was  her  entire  consecration.  Her  impulse  was  ever  to  give 
prominence  to  the  work  rather  than  to  the  worker,  and  in  referring  to 
her  own  connection  with  the  white-ribbon  movement  she  emphasizes 
the  point  not  that  she  was  a  help  to  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  but  that  "  the  work 
was  a  great  help  to  her."  So  pronounced  was  her  executive  ability  that 
positions  of  honor  and  trust  were  constantly  urged  upon  her,  and  besides 
the  onerous  duties  of  a  World's  and  National  officer  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U. 
she  found  time  for  church  and  missionary  interests,  and  had  just 
resigned  after  four  years  service  as  treasurer  of  the  Congregations  list 
Woman's  Board  of  Canada. 


So,  one  by  one  our  leaders  are  gathering  home,  and  as  "we  follow 
that  way  "  our  hopes  naturally  center  upon  the  army  of  bright,  conse- 
crated young  women  who,  as  the  gaps  are  made  in  our  ranks,  stand 
ready  with  earnest  purpose  and  a  courage  tried  and  true  to  take  their 
places  at  the  front. 


OTHER  LEADERS. 


Caroline  JSrOWn  JBUCll,  for  fourteen  years  corresponding 
secretary  of  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.,  may  be  counted  both  well-known 
and  well  loved  among  white-ribboners.  The  office  came  to  her  when 
very  much  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  work  was  new  aud  untried,  and  to  her 
it  is  indebted  for  the  inception  of  many  plans  and  the  development 
of  many  more.  Bereft  of  her  husband  when  scarcely  out  of  her  teens  by 
the  cruel  fortunes  of  our  civil  war,  she  devoted  herself  to  her  son,  and 
when  he  no  longer  needed  her  she  was  ready  to  consecrate  her  powers 
of  mind  and  heart  to  the  greater  war  which  should  rid  her  country  of  the 
evil  of  intemperance.  To  this  cause  she  brought  a  well-trained  mind, 
a  ready  pen  and  a  genius  for  execution.  Mrs.  Buell  is  a  true  New  Eng- 
lauder,  of  Mayflower  stock  on  the  mother's  side ;  on  the  father's  she 
traces  her  ancestry  to  the  Plantagenets  and  possesses  true  Yankee 
equipoise  under  all  circumstances. 


f  dtbcr  pUClb,  well  known  to  white-ribboners  as  former 
Treasurer  of  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.,  is  one  of  the  original  Ohio  cru- 
saders, a  Quaker  by  birth  and  training  and  a  finely  educated  woman. 
She  is  a  born  journalist,  inheriting  a  genius  in  this  direction  from  her 
father,  who  for  many  years  was  proprietor  and  manager  of  the  Cincin- 
nati Chronicle.  For  four  years  she  had  charge  of  Our  Union,  two  years 
as  editor,  two  as  publisher.  She  has  made  extensive  trips  through  va- 
rious states,  lecturing  and  organizing,  everywhere  leaving  the  people 
more  interested  in  our  work  than  she  found  them,  because  more  enlight- 
ened concerning  it.  After  sixteen  years  of  service,  dating  almost 
from  the  formation  of  the  National  Union,  and  nine  years  of  which 
the  treasurer's  office  was  unsalaried,  Miss  Pugh  resigned  at  the  Chi- 
cago Convention  in  1893,  and  retired  from  official  life. 


.  fjarttCt  $3.  IkellS,  was  among  the  first  of  Southern  women  to 
take  up  W.  C.  T.  U.  work,  and  resigned  a  fine  position  as  teacher  for  that 
purpose.  As  editor  of  the  Mississippi  White  Ribbon,  she  made  our  prin- 
ciples felt  throughout  the  entire  South,  and  upon  the  death  of  Miss  Julia 
Ames  was  called  to  the  editorial  force  of  the  Union  Signal.  She  ably  filled 

(106) 


MRS.  ELLA  F.  M.  WILLIAMS. 


MRS.  ZERALDA  G.  WALLACE. 


MRS.  HARRIET  B. 


OTHER   LEADERS.  IO7 

that  position  for  three  years,  when  failing  health  made  it  necessary  for 
her  to  seek  a  milder  climate.  Of  Huguenot  and  Covenanter  ancestry 
Mrs.  Kells  is  richly  endowed  with  the  moral  force  which  dares  and  the 
intellectual  power  which  makes  good  that  daring.  She  is  a  thinker 
with  the  world's  best  thought  and  a  writer  of  great  ability. 


(5.  TKHaltaCC,  known  as  the  "Deborah"  of  the  W. 
C.  T.  U.,  was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1817,  and  was  for  seven  years  presi- 
dent of  the  Indiana  state  union.  She  was  the  second  wife  of  David 
Wallace,  at  the  time  of  his  marriage  Lieutenant-Goverrior  of  Indiana, 
afterwards  Governor  of  that  state  and  Member  of  Congress.  General  Lew 
Wallace,  the  famous  author  of"  Beu  Hur,"  is  his  son,  and  our  "  Mother  " 
Wallace  is  the  original  of  that  magnificent  character,  Ben  Hur's  mother. 
Mrs.  Wallace  has  occupied  from  the  first  a  leading  place  in  the  W.  C. 
T.  U.  movement ;  was  the  first  woman  to  offer  a  resolution  in  the 
National  Convention  condemning  the  use  of  wine  at  the  communion 
table  ;  and  presented  the  first  resolution  asking  for  woman's  ballot  on 
the  temperance  question.  She  has  cradled  three  generations  in  her 
arms  and  earned  a  true  title  to  the  most  devoted  motherhood. 


B.  Xivetmore  is  a  name  which  is  not  only  national 
but  international.  Born,  bred  and  educated  in  Boston,  the  wife  of  a 
Universalist  minister  of  exceptionally  fine  abilities  and  character,  his 
associate  as  editor  of  the  church  paper,  the  leader  of  the  forces  of  women 
in  the  civil  war  when  sanitary  conferences  and  hospital  administration 
engaged  the  attention  of  the  public  ;  later  one  of  the  chosen  leaders  of 
the  woman  suffrage  movement  and  a  member  of  the  editorial  corps  of 
the  Woman's  Journal;  for  many  years  president  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  of 
Massachusetts,  and  still  its  honorary  president ;  a  contributor  to  leading 
publications,  and  the  author  of  a  famous  book,  "  My  Recollections  of  the 
War,"  Mrs.  Livermore  has  made  a  splendid  record.  For  thirty  years 
she  has  been  conspicuous  on  the  lecture  platform,  and  has  been  heard  in 
the  lyceum  courses  of  the  country  year  after  year  in  nearly  every  state 
of  the  Union,  as  well  as  in  England  and  Scotland.  Notwithstanding 
her  many  years  of  hard  service,  she  is  still  in  vigorous  health,  and  has 
recently  celebrated  her  fiftieth  wedding  anniversary  with  great  6clat  at 
her  beautiful  home  in  Melrose,  Massachusetts. 


I08  THUMB   NAIL  SKETCHES. 


"Rev.  "fcenriCtta  (3.  dBoore  is  one  of  the  great  host  which  came  out 
of  that  baptism,  the  crusade,  to  give  their  lives  to  the  prohibition 
cause.  Hers  was  not  a  total  abstinence  home  ;  the  wine  cup  had 
been  the  legacy  of  generations  and  she  tasted  the  bitterness  which 
comes  through  the  curse  of  strong  drink.  While  still  teaching  she  be- 
came secretary  of  the  Ohio  union,  and  did  this  work  so  well  she  was 
called  to  leave  the  school-room  and  enter  the  field  as  an  organizer.  In 
the  midst  of  journeyings  and  incessant  labors  she  found  time  to  prepare 
for  the  ministry  aud  after  due  examination  was  welcomed  to  an  honored 
place  in  the  Universalist  church.  Miss  Moore  has  had  repeated  calls  to 
settled  pastoral  work,  but  has  not  yet  determined  to  turn  aside  from 
her  itinerant  labors  in  the  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union. 


.  XatbblltE  is  a  name  which  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  is  proud  to 
place  on  the  list  of  "Some  of  our  women."  As  a  child  she  was  fond  of 
picture-making  and  of  illustrating  her  own  poems.  After  leaving 
school  she  taught  drawing  and  painting  and  in  1874,  at  the  urgent  re- 
quest of  Bishop  Vincent,  weut  to  New  York  to  engage  in  editorial  work. 
She  endeared  herself  to  multitudes  of  children  as  the  "Aunt  Mary"  who 
with  her  gifts  and  pen  and  pencil  made  the  Sunday  School  Advocate  a 
constant  delight.  She  was  also  a  contributor  to  St.  Nicholas  and  Wide 
Awake.  There  is  not  a  line  she  has  penned  or  drawn  which  does  not 
help  to  lead  the  human  heart  to  a  clearer  appreciation  of  that  sweet 
saying  which  must  have  beeu  the  motto  of  her  long  and  high  endeavor  : 
"To  be  carnally  minded  is  death  ;  but  to  be  spiritually  minded  is  life 
and  peace."  Of  the  many  hymns  Mary  Lathbury  has  written,  "Day 
is  Dying  in  the  West,"  and  "  Break  Thou  the  Bread  of  Life  "  are  per- 
haps the  best  known. 


\  f>arrfS  is  well  known  to  the  National  Convention 
through  her  magnificent  voice  and  abilities  as  musical  director.  She  is 
the  wife  of  Hon.  Wm.  G.  Harris  of  Boston,  has  been  for  some  years  the 
sopr.ano  of  Tremont  Temple  church  and  the  chief  musical  attraction  at 
the  leading  Chautauquas.  Mrs.  Harris  is  so  generous  a  woman  that  her 
notes  have  never  proved  golden  to  the  white-ribboners  except  as  ad- 
dressed to  the  ear.  Her  stanch  total  abstinence  principles  and  frank 
avowal  of  the  same  have  helped  us  not  a  little,  and  we  regard  her  as  the 
prima-donna  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U. 


OTHER   LEADERS.  109 

.  ^ennettC  <3.  IbaUSCr,  formerly  President  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U. 
of  India,  was  born  in  Illinois,  educated  in  Wisconsin,  and  went  as  a 
bride  to  India.  Returning  after  seven  years  to  America  she  gave  such 
time  as  could  be  spared  from  family  cares  to  temperance  work  and 
the  Woman's  Foreign  Missionary  Society.  She  is  the  author  of  "The 
Orient,  and  Its  People,"  long  a  text-book  for  woman's  missionary  socie- 
ties of  all  denominations  ;  also  author  of  "  Notes  on  the  Light  of  Asia." 
Later  she  took  up  her  residence  in  India  for  the  second  time  and  in  1893 
the  World's  W.  C.  T.  U.  appointed  her  leader  of  their  work  there.  New 
unions  were  formed,  and  the  India  union  of  scattered  members  organ- 
ized. It  now  enrolls  nearly  three  hundred.  The  monthly  publication, 
The  White  Ribbon,  was  begun  by  Mrs.  Hauser  and  turned  over  to  her 
successor  in  office  with  an  assured  existence  and  a  surplus  in  its  treasury. 
Mrs.  Hauser  is  now  in  America,  where  her  costume  lectures  are  in  great 
demand. 


.  Brina  IbOWarD  Sbaw,  jflfo.  B.,  National  Chairman  of  Over- 
flow Meetings,  was  born  in  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  England.  She  re- 
moved to  America  with  her  parents  when  four  years  old,  became  a 
teacher  in  Michigan  when  only  fifteen,  received  a  local  preacher's  license 
from  the  Methodist  church,  graduated  in  Theology  at  the  Boston  Uni- 
versity in  1878,  and  in  Medicine  in  1885.  She  was  pastor  of  the  Meth- 
odi^t  church  at  Hiugham,  Massachusetts,  and  for  seven  years  at  East 
Dennis,  Massachusetts  ;  also  of  the  Congregational  church  at  Dennis, 
Massachusetts  ;  was  ordained  in  the  Methodist  Protestant  church  in 
1880,  and  is  still  a  member  of  the  New  York  Conference  of  that  denom- 
ination. She  has  now  given  up  local  parish  work  for  the  larger  parish 
— the  world.  Audiences  are  conciliated  by  her  cultured  manner,  enliv- 
ened by  her  wit,  and  captured  by  her  logic.  She  is  vice-president  of 
the  National  American  Woman  Suffrage  Association,  and  of  the  Na- 
tional Council  of  Women. 


XOWC  BfCfctnSOn,  President  of  the  National  Council 
of  Women  of  the  United  States,  and  a  loyal  white-ribboner,  was  born 
and  educated  in  New  England  and  became  a  teacher  when  very  young. 
Her  marriage  to  John  B.  Dickinson,  a  wealthy  banker  of  New  York  City, 
changed  her  life  to  one  of  even  wider  opportunities  for  social  and  phil- 
anthropic work  and  she  entered  actively  into  many  lines  of  charitajble 
effort.  Some  time  after  the  death  of  her  husband  came  the  loss  of  fort. 


110  THUMB   NAIL  SKETCHES. 

une,  which  threw  her  back  again  into  the  ranks  of  workingwcmen. 
The  teacher's  life  was  resumed,  the  pen  which  had  been  in  time  past 
used  little  except  for  pleasure,  became  now  the  servant  as  well  as  the 
substitute  for  the  personal  work  and  care  that  had  been  given  to  the 
problems  of  the  poor.  Her  editorial  work  in  many  journals,  her  power 
of  character-drawing  and  the  story-teller's  gift,  as  well  as  the  beautiful 
poems,  reveal  wonderful  facility  of  expression  and  variety  of  style. 

Mrs.  Dickinson  is  the  General  Secretary  of  the  order  of  the  King's 
Daughters,  and  has  been,  since  its  birth,  activel}'  engaged  in  the  charge 
of  its  work  all  over  the  world.  She  established  its  magazine,  The  Silver 
Cross,  of  which  she  has  been  the  only  editor.  She  was  secretary  of 
the  New  York  Bible  Society,  and  president  of  the  Woman's  National 
Indian  Association  ;  was  offered  positions  in  seven  of  our  leading  insti- 
tutions of  learning ;  was  made  Professor  of  Literature  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Denver,  and  at  the  close  of  her  service  there  was  made  Emeritus 
Professor,  and  given  also  a  lectureship  in  English  literature.  The  chair 
was  endowed  and  given  Mrs.  Dickinson's  name.  Warmly  interested 
in  the  cause  of  temperance  she  served  for  several  years  as  the  joint 
editor  of  the  American  Reformer.  Mrs.  Dickinson  is  a  business  woman 
in  every  fiber  and  an  indefatigable  worker.  Something  of  the  master- 
ful way  acquired  by  teachers  is  in  her  manner,  only  softened  by  a  charm- 
ing personality  and  a  kindl"  nature  that  makes  her  a  delightful  person 
to  meet. 


3B.  JBattCr,  prohibition  orator  and  writer,  is  a  direct 
descendant  of  the  Puritans  and  a  woman  of  strong  convictions.  Her 
father  was  an  Advent  minister  and  her  mother  a  gracious  woman  to 
whose  gentle  companionship  Mrs.  Baxter  says  she  owes  all  she  is.  In 
1875  she  married  C.  E.  K.  Baxter  and  they  have  one  daughter.  Mrs. 
Baxter  is  a  success  in  her  chosen  field  of  effort.  Of  handsome  and  vig- 
orous physique,  with  clear,  deep  and  ringing  voice,  and  a  sparkling 
humor,  she  presents  her  arguments  in  a  style  peculiarly  her  own.  She 
has  addressed  audiences  from  Prince  Edward  Island  to  the  Pacific.  A 
radical  Prohibitionist,  she  was  for  two  years  president  of  the  White  Rose 
League  of  Michigan.  Her  home  is  now  Harvey,  Illinois,  and  she  is 
superintendent  of  the  Social  Purity  department  of  the  Central  Union  of 
Chicago. 


3ili3abetb  "dpbam  Uates,  one  of  our  most  attractive  plat- 
form  speakers,  is  a  native  of  Maine,    and   a   graduate  of  the   Boston 


OTHER   LEADERS.  Ill 

School  of  Expression.  She  spent  several  years  in  China  and  has  given 
a  graphic  description  of  oriental  life  in  her  book,  "  Glimpses  into  Chinese 
Homes."  Greatly  interested  in  the  progress  of  women  in  all  lands, 
Miss  Yates,  since  her  return  to  this  country  has  served  the  W.  C.  T.  U. 
as  National  lecturer  of  the  Franchise  department.  She  has  spoken 
before  the  legislatures  of  various  states  in  advocacy  of  woman's  ballot 
and  devotes  most  of  her  time  to  that  phase  of  the  work.  She  was  ap- 
pointed delegate  from  Maine  to  the  World's  W.  C.  T.  U.  Convention  in 
London. 


.  HDa  /Hb.  3Bittetl bettfcer,  of  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  was  four  years 
attorney  and  five  years  superintendent  of  the  Legislative  department  of 
the  National.  She  has  made  several  admirable  arguments  before  Con- 
gressional committees  in  support  of  measures  and  petitions  presented  to 
Congress  by  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  and  it  was  under  her  superintendency  that 
Congress  enacted  the  law  raising  the  age  of  protection  to  sixteen  years. 
Mrs.  Bittenbender  is  her  husband's  law  partner  and  has  been  admitted 
to  the  Supreme  Court  of  her  own  state  and  of  the  United  States.  She 
has  published  a  valuable  hand-book,  "The  National  Prohibitory  Amend- 
ment Guide,"  and  is  now  engaged  in  bringing  out  a  work  entitled, 
"Uncle  Sam's  Drunkard  Factories";  a  story  showing  their  unconstitu- 
tionality  and  procedures  for  abolishing  them  under  existing  laws.  She 
is  president  of  an  incorporated  company,  one  object  of  which  is  "to 
begin  and  prosecute  test  cases  to  obtain  decisions  of  State  ar.d  Federal 
Courts." 


DcmOtCSt  is  a  white-ribbouer  with  a  business  ability  of 
a  very  high  order.  She  is  one  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Woman's 
Temperance  Publishing  Association,  and  was  a  W.  C.  T.  U.  Commis- 
sioner for  the  Columbian  Exposition.  She  is  one  of  the  most  active 
women  in  philanthropic  and  literary  circles  of  New  York  City,  and  has 
been  for  years  a  prominent  member  of  Sorosis,  one  of  the  most  famous 
woman's  clubs  of  that  city.  Since  the  death  of  her  husband,  one  of  pro- 
hibition's stalwart  champions,  Madam  Demorest  has  devoted  her  atten- 
tion to  the  carrying  forward  of  the  work  inaugurated  by  him,  and  which 
has  proved  so  helpful  to  the  cause — the  Demorest  Medal  Contests. 


Caroline  B.  flfcerrfCfe,  of  New  Orleans,  is  the  daughter  of  one 
of  Andrew  Jackson's  chief  coadjutors  in  the  army.     Reared  in  the  depths 


112  THUMB   NAIL  SKETCHES. 

of  Louisiana,  and  never  knowing  anything  but  the  portion  of  a  slave- 
holder's child,  Mrs.  Merrick  always  perceived  the  abominable  character 
of  the  institution,  and  when  our  boys  in  blue  went  South,  and  the  bul- 
lets rained  and  cannons  roared  but  a  short  distance  from  her  beautiful 
plantation  home,  she  had  the  soldiers,  gray  and  blue  alike,  brought  to 
her  house,  and  gave  herself  and  all  she  had  to  caring  for  them.  Mrs. 
Menick  has  an  irresistible  drollery  in  her  composition,  a  humorous  gift 
that  has  carried  her  through  the  dark  places  of  her  life  and  gilded  the 
brightness  of  her  happier  years.  She  is  so  bright  of  pen  that  if  she  had 
not  been  a  rich  woman  she  would  have  made  her  mark  in  literature.  It 
was  her  good  fortune  to  meet  one  of  New  England's  noblest  young 
men,  Judge  Edwin  Merrick,  a  man  of  the  finest  culture  and  training, 
who  went  South  long  before  the  war,  and  became  Chief  Justice  of 
Louisiana  under  the  Confederacy.  In  their  attractive  home  they  have 
been  at  the  center  of  all  that  was  most  cultured  and  intellectual, 
philanthropic  and  religious  in  New  Orleans  for  a  quarter  of  a  century. 


/1ft.  XOVC  was  for  five  years  white-ribbon  standard 
bearer  in  Australia,  returning  to  represent  the  work  at  the  Boston  Con- 
vention in  1891.  Previous  to  that  time  she  had  been  state  evangelist  in 
Virginia ;  since  then  she  has  again  taken  up  active  work  in  her  native 
state,  first  as  preacher  in  the  Baptist  church,  where  fifty  years  ago  her 
grandfather  was  pastor,  then  as  c  >-pastor  of  a  church  in  Parkersburg, 
West  Virginia,  which  position  she  resigned  to  devote  her  whole  time  to 
W.  C.  T.  U.  work.  She  is  au  earnest  Bible  student  and  has  an  unwaver- 
ing faith  in  the  success  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  in  all  its  lines  of  work. 


Segment  iJOWetl,  one  of  the  lecturers  for  the  Fran- 
chise department,  was  a  leader  in  the  crusade  in  New  York,  her  native 
state,  and  early  became  imbued  with  the  idea  that  the  ballot  for  woman 
was  the  solution  of  the  temperance  question.  She  was  appointed  by 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton  to  represent  the  National  American 
Woman  Suffrage  Association  at  the  National  Council  of  Women  at  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.,  in  1891.  Mrs.  Howell  has  a  classical  education  ;  has  been 
a  teacher,  a  conductor  of  teachers'  institutes,  and  has  spoken  for  the 
advancement  of  woman  before  Congress  and  many  State  Legislatures. 


f>.  Jones  of  Philadelphia  is  one  of  the  most  acute 
minds  in  the  white-ribbon  army.     She  is  the  wife  of  Joshua  R.  Jones, 


OTHER  LEADERS.  113 

known  throughout  the  world  for  his  specialty  of  Bible  publishing.  Mrs. 
Jones  is  a  graduate  of  the  Girls'  High  School  of  Philadelphia,  and  has 
been  prominent  in  W.  C.  T.  U.  work  for  eighteen  years  ;  was  state  pres- 
ident three  years,  vice-president  ten  years,  and  is  now  president  of  the 
Philadelphia  union,  which  numbers  nearly  four  hundred  members  and 
which  through  her  tremendous  energy  and  business  ability  has  recently 
acquired  ownership  of  large  and  handsome  headquarters. 


Xi33fC  2>.  Gatbart  modestly  refers  to  herself  as  "  a  quiet 
woman  who  has  chiefly  worked  in  quiet  places."  Reared  and  educated 
in  the  most  conservative  manner,  she  says  that  whatever  she  has  been 
privileged  to  do  in  a  public  way  is  the  result  of  helping  words  from  other 
workers,  notably  Miss  Willard,  who  awakened  the  first  thought  of  a  pos- 
sibility of  endeavor  beyond  the  little  circle  of  local  work.  She  has  been 
treasurer  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  Iowa  since  its  organization  and  is  well 
known  to  the  National  organization  as  president  of  Iowa  W.  C.  T.  U. 
during  the  constitutional  amendment  campaign  of  1881-83. 


1).  flJorOOtl,  for  fifteen  years  president  of  the  Boston 
W.  C.  T.  U.,  is  a  woman  of  indomitable  purpose  along  the  lines  of  Chris- 
tian effort  to  which  she  has  especially  devoted  herself— temperance  and 
missionary  work.  She  is  the  wife  of  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  A.  J.  Gordon,  our 
temperance  "Hercules,"  one  of  Boston's  leading  divines,  who  nobly 
supported  her  in  all  her  undertakings.  Mrs.  Gordon  is  a  born  leader 
and  plans  a  campaign  for  no-license  or  prohibitory  amendment  with  the 
skill  of  a  general.  She  is  a  most  acceptable  public  speaker,  her  voice 
uttering  no  uncertain  sound  on  the  vexed  questions  of  the  nation. 


flbr.0.  iJClen  SMCfclnSOn  f)arfor.£>  is  a  graduate  of  the  State  Normal 
College,  Albany,  New  York.  In  1887  she  left  the  position  of  teacher  to 
enter  the  field  for  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  She  removed  from  Kansas  City, 
Missouri,  to  Oregon  in  1891  and  at  the  following  state  convention  was 
elected  recording  secretary  of  Oregon.  In  1894  she  received  the  nom- 
ination for  state  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  polling  a  larger 
vote  than  any  other  candidate  on  the  ticket.  For  two  years  she  has 
been  a  National  lecturer  of  the  Franchise  department. 


114  THUMB   NAIL  SKETCHES. 


1T.  IRboaDCS  of  Allegheny,  Pennsylvania,  is  a  promi- 
nent Y  leader.  In  1857  she  went  with  her  husband  to  New  York, 
where,  in  the  Asylum  for  Destitute  Children,  she  first  realized  the 
curse  of  the  drink  traffic.  She  joined  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  ranks  just  after 
the  crusade,  devoting  herself  chiefly  to  the  young  woman's  branch. 
She  still  has  a  Home  for  Destitute  Children  where  are  received  the 
children  of  intemperate  parents.  Mrs.  Rhoades  was  delegate  from  Penn- 
sylvania to  the  World's  Convention  in  London. 


Sarab  Ob.  petfctns  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  is  a  Universalist 
minister.  At  eighteen  she  was  a  teacher,  afterwards  attended  school 
at  the  old  Academy  in  Adams,  Massachusetts,  and  at  twenty-three  mar- 
ried Rev.  Orrin  Perkins,  a  talented  clergyman.  She  was  an  early 
abolitionist,  an  early  Prohibitionist,  is  the  author  of  many  Sunday- 
school  books,  has  lectured  upon  temperance  and  woman  suffrage  in 
nearly  every  state  in  the  Union,  and  organized  the  Indian  Territory  for 
the  W.  C.  T.  U.  Mrs.  Perkins  is  of  a  most  cheery  nature,  witty  as  well 
as  wise.  She  is  the  editor  of  the  True  Republic,  a  monthly  paper  which 
has  a  large  circulation. 


.  Esther  Q^a^lor  fJOUSb,  became  known  to  white-ribboners  as 
editor  of  The  Woman  at  Work,  a  bright  and  helpful  magazine,  published 
in  Louisville,  Kentucky.  Later  on  Mrs.  Housh  and  her  capable  son 
Frank  established  their  magazine  in  Brattleboro,  Vermont,  and  Mrs. 
Housh  became  president  of  Vermont  W.  C.  T.  U.,  being  still  its  honor- 
ary president.  She  is  the  daughter  of  a  pioneer  minister  of  Ohio,  an 
old-time  abolitionist,  and  was  carefully  educated  and  trained  in  home- 
keeping  ;  was  National  superintendent  of  Press  work  for  five  years,  and 
is  now  corresponding  secretary  of  Massachusetts  W.  C.  T.  U.  and 
editor  of  its  state  paper,  Our  Message. 

1 

Eugenia  ff.  St.  3obn,  who,  with  her  husband,  has  been 
among  our  most  successful  evangelists,  is  a  self-educated  woman.  She 
began  teaching  at  fourteen,  later  on  took  an  academical  and  normal 
course,  and  taught  in  the  public  schools  eleven  years.  She  has  been 
seven  times  elected  as  a  delegate  to  the  National  Convention,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  National  Prohibition  Committee.  Mrs.  St.  John  was  in 
1889  ordained  as  minister  in  the  Methodist  Protestant  church,  and  was 


OTHER  READERS.  115 

the  first  woman  in  the  United  States  to  sit  in  the  General  Conference. 
She  is  just  closing  a  two  years  successful  pastorate  in  Kansas  City, 
Kansas. 


.  Wilbur  3F.  Grafts  began  public  service  as  a  school  teacher  in 
Davenport,  Iowa,  at  fifteen,  and  was  soon  after  promoted  to  teacher  of 
primary  methods  in  the  Winona  Normal  school.  Being  invited  to  pre- 
sent her  methods  to  the  Sabbath-school  teachers  of  Minnesota  in  state 
convention  assembled,  she  was  at  once  called  by  D.  L.  Moody  to  do  the 
same  for  a  whole  series  of  conventions.  Her  work  for  temperance  has 
been  chiefly  in  four  ways:  (i)  In  promoting,  with  her  husband,  the 
introduction,  continuance  and  use  of  the  quarterly  temperance  lessons  ; 
(2)  in  the  preparation,  with  Mrs.  Mary  B.  Willard,  of  the  first  series  of 
the  Loyal  Legion  Quarterly  lessons  ;  (3)  in  contributing  a  long  series  of 
blackboard  temperance  lessons  for  The  Temperance  Banner ;  (4)  in 
blackboard  temperance  addresses  to  children  and  teachers  at  Sabbath- 
school  conventions.  Both  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Crafts  are  counted  by  the  W.  C. 
T.  U.  as  among  its  strongest  helpers  both  by  reason  of  their  official 
relation  to  Sunday-school  work  and  their  personal  relation  to  and  inter- 
est in  white-ribbon  effort. 


.  Xavftlta  3B.  JSeneDtCt,  of  Iowa,  better  known  as  "Mother" 
Benedict,  was  born  in  the  woods  of  Ohio  in  i823,andat  thirty-three  became 
a  recognized  minister  in  the  Quaker  church.  Widowed  at  fifty-five,  she 
has  since  devoted  her  life  to  rescuing  and  providing  for  unfortunate 
girls.  As  the  result  of  her  efforts  two  Homes  are  in  operation  in  Iowa 
— one  in  Des  Moines,  one  in  Decorah.  Mrs.  Benedict,  now  in  her  sev- 
enty-second year,  personally  superintends  the  Decorah  Home,  and  has 
written  a  book,  "  Woman's  Work  for  Woman"  giving  an  account  of 
her  labors. 


Sarab  D.  Xa  tfCtra,  of  Washington,  District  of  Columbia, 
has  been  a  powerful  factor  in  bringing  victory  for  our  society  at  the 
very  headquarters  of  rum  and  politics.  Her  achievements  could  never 
have  been  possible  to  any  woman  of  less  kindly  nature  or  less  inde- 
fatigable activity.  The  "Shelter  for  Women,"  the  gospel  temperance 
meetings,  the  great  popular  mass-meetings,  the  well-conducted  press 
work,  the  thorough  canvass  by  petition,  the  hearings  arranged  at  the 
Capitol,  the  large-hearted  liberality  in  bringing  speakers  from  a  dis- 


Il6  THUMB   NAIL  SKETCHES. 

tance  and  entertaining  them  at  her  own  expense  in  the  beautiful  tem- 
perance Hotel  Fredouia.  presided  over  by  Dr.  and  Mrs.  La  Fetra, — all 
evince  the  adaptedness  of  this  devoted  pair  to  help  on  our  white-ribbon 
work  at  the  nation's  capital. 


Stone  JBtaCRWell  says  that  the  most  noteworthy  fact  in  her 
life  is  that  she  is  her  mother's  daughter.  When  Alice  was  a  baby 
Lucy  Stone  let  her  furniture  be  sold  for  taxes  and  wrote  to  the  asses- 
sors a  protest  against  taxation  without  representation  with  her  baby 
on  her  knee.  Alice  was  born  at  Orange,  New  Jersey,  in  1857  ;  graduated 
at  Boston  University  in  1881  ;  began  wont  as  one  of  the  staff  of  the 
Woman's  Journal  in  the  same  year  and  has  for  many  years  been  one 
ot  its  editors.  She  is  recording  secretary  of  the  National  American 
Woman  Suffrage  Association  and  associate  National  superintendent 
of  Franchise  in  the  W.  C.  T.  U. 


B.  SanfOtft,  of  Bloomington,  Illinois,  is  of  New 
England  birth.  Widowed  when  quite  young  she  was  enrolled  for  nine 
years  among  the  teachers  of  the  Bloomington  High  School,  succeeded 
Mrs.  Carhart  as  Dean  of  the  Woman's  College  in  the  Northwestern 
University  at  Evanstou,  and  held  the  Latin  professorship  in  Adrian 
College,  Michigan.  With  such  equipment  for  service  and  with  un- 
flinching devotion  to  every  good  cause,  she  is  a  worthy  leader  in  the 
W.  C.  T.  U.  forces  of  Illinois.  Mrs.  Sanford  is  state  W.  C.  T.  U.  treas- 
urer, editor  of  the  Illinois  Watch-  Tower,  and  was  one  of  the  Prohibition 
party  nominees  in  1894  for  University  Trustee. 


.  iSlla  Baton  "RellOag,  is  the  wife  of  Dr.  J.  H.  Kellogg,  pro- 
prietor of  the  great  Sanitarium  at  Battle  Creek,  Michigan.  She  was 
educated  at  Alfred  University,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  received  the 
degree  of  A.  L.,  and  later  that  of  A.  M.  Mrs.  Kellogg  was  for  some 
years  National  superintendent  of  the  department  of  Hygiene  and  in 
1885  became  associate  superintendent  of  the  Purity  department,  her 
special  charge  being  Mothers'  Meetings.  Both  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Kellogg 
are  devoted  temperance  workers  and  give  talent,  time  and  money  to  the 
upbuilding  of  the  work.  Having  no  children  of  their  own  they  have 
gathered  about  them  in  their  home  a  number  of  orphan  children  to 
whom  they  give  the  watchful  tender  care  of  "  own  "  parents. 


OTHER    LEADERS.  II? 

B.  Gbeneg,  of  Boston,  has  been  aptly  designated  by 
Miss  Willard  as  'i-one  of  our  gentlest  and  bravest  white-ribboners." 
She  entered  into  the  work  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  with  all  the  fervor  of  her 
nature,  and  there  are  few  departments  of  the  organization  which  have 
not  shared  her  sympathy  and  co-operation.  Mrs.  Cheney  has  been  state 
superintendent  for  our  National  organ,  The  Union  Signal,  and  for  the 
state  paper,  Our  Message,  for  many  years,  and  has  done  valiant  service 
for  the  cause  along  these  lines. 


/Dbr.8.  Bnna  /IB.  JBain  is  the  wife  of  George  W.  Bain,  the  noted  tem- 
perance orator.  When  Miss  Willard  organized  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  in 
Kentucky  she  led  Anna  Bain  out  of  her  quiet  home-life  into  the 
presidency  of  a  local  union.  She  soon  after  became  state  president, 
which  place  she  held  until  her  health  demanded  retirement.  As  presi- 
dent of  the  Home  of  Mercy  in  Lexington  she  is  doing  a  great  work  in 
rescuing  fallen  women.  She  is  president  of  the  missionary  society  of 
the  M.  E.  Church  South,  and  active  in  other  church  and  charity  work. 
Mrs.  Bain  possesses  an  exceptionally  sweet  and  modest  nature  which 
controls  without  dictating,  and  she  wins  her  way  over  difficulties  by  the 
resistless  force  of  love. 


Sara  JBllll  of  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  at  one  time  Na- 
tional superintendent  of  the  department  of  Sanitary  and  Economic 
Cookery,  is  one  of  the  leading  women  of  that  great  literary  center. 
She  is  the  daughter  of  Mrs.  A.  C.  Thorpe,  before  her  lamented  death 
one  of  the  central  figures  in  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  the  old  Bay  State,  and 
widow  of  Ole  Bull,  the  noted  violinist.  For  years  their  home  was  the 
celebrated  "  Elm  wood  "  of  James  Russell  Lowell,  and  later,  a  stately 
mansion  near  "Craigie  House,"  the  home  of  Longfellow,  one  of  whose 
daughters  is  the  wife  of  Mrs.  Bull's  only  brother. 


.  TL.  1b.  plumb  of  Wheaton,  Illinois,  is  a  graduate  of  Oberlin 
College,  and  entered  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  ranks  eighteen  years  ago.  She 
was  a  charter  member  of  the  Woman's  Temperance  Publishing  Asso- 
ciation and  of  the  National  Temperance  Hospital  board,  to  both  of 
which  she  still  belongs.  Mrs.  Plumb  is  par  excellence  a  woman  of  busi- 
ness. She  is  vice-president  of  the  bank  in  Streator,  Illinois,  and  presi- 
dent of  the  Mortgage  and  Loan  Company  of  Iowa.  Her  husband  was 
a  brother  beloved  of  all  white-ribboners.  He  it  was,  who,  in  the  dark- 


Il8  THUMB   NAIL  SKETCHES. 

est  hour  of  the  W.  T.  P.  A.'s  history,  tided  it  over  with  kindliest 
words  of  encouragement  and  financial  help.  His  .wife  was  his  help- 
meet in  all  his  business  affairs,  and  when  they  dropped  from  his  lifeless 
hand  she  took  up  bravely,  for  her  children's  sake,  the  double  burden 
of  sorrow  and  responsibility. 


0.  fJfbben,  one  of  Illinois'  prominent  workers, 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  The  Signal,  the  Illinois  paper  which  was  after- 
ward incorporated  as  The  Union  Signal,  and  followed  Miss  Willard  as 
state  president  when  the  latter  was  elected  to  the  National.  She  was 
left  a  widow  at  twenty-one  with  an  only  son,  now  Rev.  John  Grier  Hib- 
ben,  professor  of  Logic  in  Princeton  College.  Mrs.  Hibben  has  filled 
many  offices  in  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  local,  district,  state  and  National,  in  all 
of  which  she  is  efficient  and  beloved. 


XltCiC  36,  Q^nQ,  of  Peoria,  Illinois,  is  a  very  queen  among 
women,  possessing  rare  executive  ability,  joined  to  such  sweet  womanli- 
ness as  makes  her  home  ideal,  her  presence  and  influence  always  sought, 
always  a  benediction.  That  she  is  not  a  woman  of  one  idea  is  evidenced 
by  the  fact  that  she  is  president  of  the  Woman's  Christian  Association, 
the  Memorial  Day  Association,  and  the  Hospital  Board  ;  is  actively  iden- 
tified with  all  charitable  and  church  work  of  Peoria,  and  has  just  been 
elected,  by  a  most  gratifying  majority,  upon  the  school  board,  the  only 
woman  holding  this  position  of  trust  and  honor  in  that  city.  Mrs. 
Tyng — her  face  always  "  like  the  morning  " — has  for  several  years  been 
prominently  before  the  National  Convention  as  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee upon  telegrams,  her  efficiency  being  here,  as  everywhere,  clearly 
manifest. 


"RebCCCa  Catbetine  Sbuman,  is  a  name  that  will  always 
be  indissolubly  linked  with  the  Polyglot  Petition.  For  four  years  a 
large  proportion  of  her  time  and  thought  was  devoted  to  the  prodigious 
task  of  mounting  fives  miles  of  names  on  the  rolls  of  muslin  which  were 
to  travel  round  the  world.  A  diploma  of  honorable  mention  was  pre- 
sented to  Mrs.  Shuman  by  the  World's  Fair  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
for  the  Petition  as  there  exhibited.  Mrs.  Shuman's  childhood's  home 
was  in  Pennsylvania.  Her  father,  John  Fertig,  was  an  earnest  worker 
for  the  abolition  of  slavery  and  earned  the  name  of  "  Father  Mathew  " 


OTHER  LEADERS.  119 

by  his  war  upon  liquor  and  tobacco.     Her  home  is  now  in  Evanston, 
Illinois,  where  she  is  the  center  of  a  charming  family  circle. 


Slice  JSrfgflS,  was  for  nine  years  Miss  Willard's  Office  Sec- 
retary and  for  six  years  Office  Secretary  of  the  World's  W.  C.  T.  U. 
She  was  a  teacher  in  Illinois ;  became  president  of  a  district  union  ; 
was  National  Press  superintendent ;  then  Press  superintendent  of  the 
World's  Union.  She  is  faithfulness  and  capability  incarnate  and 
knows  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  and  its  great  petition  work  as  she  does  her  own 
history. 


Utene  JFOCfcler,  for  five  years  one  of  Miss  Willard's  busy 
secretaries,  two  years  associate  superintendent  of  the  Press  department, 
World's  and  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  and  one  year  Office  Secretary  of  Na- 
tional W.  C.  T.  U.,  was  born  near  Janesville,  Wisconsin,  of  intelligent, 
progressive  parents  ;  attended  the  public  schools  during  childhood  and 
took  elective  studies  in  the  Northwestern  University,  Evanstou,  Illinois, 
in  1879  and  1880.  She  has  done  reportorial  work  for  leading  newspapers 
in  Chicago  and  New  York,  and  has  published  both  prose  and  verse  in 
Chicago,  Cincinnati,  Washington,  and  Boston  periodicals.  She  has  been 
one  of  the  corps  of  literary  helpers  at  Rest  Cottage,  her  specialty  having 
been  the  sending  out  of  literature  and  preparation  of  items  for  the  press. 


Saiab  3-.  Batlg,  of  Nashville,  Tennessee,  is  an  educated, 
successful  and  earnest  leader  among  the  colored  women.  She  has  been 
in  the  white-ribbon  work  for  many  years,  is  an  eloquent  and  dignified 
platform  speaker  and  possesses  the  respect  and  confidence  of  the  white 
people  of  the  South  as  well  as  that  of  her  own  race. 


Many  are  the  names  which  the  editor  would  like  to  add  to  these 
pages,  but  if  space  were  given  to  all  W.  C.  T.  U.  women  who  deserve 
honorable  mention,  this  book  would  grow  to  such  proportions  that  no- 
body would  buy  it.  The  white-ribbon  movement  is  so  steadily  widen- 
ing and  new  workers  are  so  constantly  coming  to  the  front  that  it  is 
impossible  within  the  prescribed  limits  of  a  sketch-book  to  give  more 


120 


THUMB   NAIL  SKETCHES. 


than  a  small  part  of  our  roll  of  honor.  We  realize  that  the  thousands  of 
women  in  the  rank  and  file  of  the  white-ribbon  army  are  the  elements 
which  constitute  the  real  strength  and  power  of  our  organization  ;  that 
it  is  their  loyalty  and  consecration  which  makes  possible  the  acr:~ve- 
ments  of  our  leaders  ;  and  that  to  the  quiet  workers  of  our  local  Unions 
who  each  in  her  own  little  corner  looks  faithfully  and  well  to  the 
"little"  things,  belongs  whatever  of  praise  and  of  virtue  attaches  to 
the  W.  C.  T.  U.  as  the  result  of  its  magnificent  record  for  God  and 
humanity. 


pn 

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TRE  LIBRARY 

W«irERSfTY  OF  CALIPORKUf 
LOS  ANGELES 


UC  SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 


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